Affordable housingAffordable housing is housing which is deemed affordable to those with a household income at or below the median as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index. Most of the literature on affordable housing refers to mortgages and a number of forms that exist along a continuum – from emergency homeless shelters, to transitional housing, to non-market rental (also known as social or subsidized housing), to formal and informal rental, indigenous housing, and ending with affordable home ownership.
Urbanismevignette|upright=1.0|Gratte-ciel vus depuis la tour CN à Toronto (Canada). vignette|upright=1.0|Vue d'un quartier de Pachuca (Mexique). L'urbanisme est l'ensemble des sciences, des techniques et des arts relatifs à l'organisation et à l'aménagement des espaces urbains. Ce projet peut être sous-tendu par une volonté d'assurer le bien-être de l'homme et d'améliorer les rapports sociaux en préservant l'environnement. Les professionnels qui exercent ce métier sont des urbanistes.
Logement socialUn logement social est un logement destiné, à la suite d'une initiative publique ou privée, à des personnes qui ont des difficultés à se loger le plus souvent pour des raisons financières. L'expression sert aussi à désigner le secteur économique constitué par ce marché immobilier et les politiques d'économie sociale qui président à son administration. En Europe, le logement passe par diverses traditions et des histoires nationales qui toutes visent à l’encadrement des loyers et à plus ou moins d'extension du logement social.
Theories of urban planningPlanning theory is the body of scientific concepts, definitions, behavioral relationships, and assumptions that define the body of knowledge of urban planning. There are nine procedural theories of planning that remain the principal theories of planning procedure today: the Rational-Comprehensive approach, the Incremental approach, the Transformative Incremental (TI) approach, the Transactive approach, the Communicative approach, the Advocacy approach, the Equity approach, the Radical approach, and the Humanist or Phenomenological approach.
Housing associationIn Ireland and the United Kingdom, housing associations are private, non-profit making organisations that provide low-cost "social housing" for people in need of a home. Any budget surplus is used to maintain existing housing and to help finance new homes and it cannot be used for personal benefit of directors or shareholders. Although independent, they are regulated by the state and commonly receive public funding. They are now the United Kingdom's major providers of new housing for rent, while many also run shared ownership schemes to help those who cannot afford to buy a home outright.