Diversité culturelle et intégration politique

Description

Cette séance de cours explore la diversité culturelle et l'intégration politique en Suisse, en mettant l'accent sur le contexte historique de la formation du pays, y compris l'influence des puissances étrangères, les clivages religieux, les tensions linguistiques et le développement du fédéralisme. Elle s'inscrit dans la coexistence pacifique de différents groupes culturels et sociaux, l'impact des divisions religieuses et l'évolution de l'identité nationale de la Suisse. La séance de cours porte également sur les institutions politiques suisses qui ont facilité le partage du pouvoir et l'intégration, comme le fédéralisme, la représentation proportionnelle et la démocratie directe.

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Séances de cours associées (3)

Concepts associés (140)

Mixed-member proportional representation

Mixed-member proportional representation (MMP or MMPR) is a mixed electoral system in which votes are cast for both local elections and also for overall party vote tallies, which are used to allocate additional members to produce or deepen overall proportional representation. In some MMP systems, voters get two votes: one to decide the representative for their single-seat constituency, and one for a political party. In Denmark and others, the single vote cast by the voter is used for both the local election (in a multi-member or single-seat district), and for the overall top-up.

Scrutin proportionnel plurinominal

Le mode de scrutin proportionnel plurinominal (également appelé représentation proportionnelle à scrutin de liste, RPSL) est un système électoral où le nombre de sièges à pourvoir est partagé en fonction du nombre de voix recueillies. C'est le système électoral proportionnel le plus répandu parmi les États indépendants et les territoires semi-autonomes qui tiennent des élections parlementaires au scrutin direct. Il est né au avec l'apparition des partis politiques.

Semi-proportional representation

Semi-proportional representation characterizes multi-winner electoral systems which allow representation of minorities, but are not intended to reflect the strength of the competing political forces in close proportion to the votes they receive. Semi-proportional voting systems can be regarded as compromises between forms of proportional representation such as party-list PR, and plurality/majoritarian systems such as first-past-the-post voting. Examples of semi-proportional systems include the single non-transferable vote, limited voting, and parallel voting.

Dual-member proportional representation

Dual-member proportional representation (DMP), also known as dual-member mixed proportional, is an electoral system designed to produce proportional election results across a region by electing two representatives in each of the region’s districts. The first seat in every district is awarded to the candidate who receives the most votes, similar to first-past-the-post voting (FPTP). The second seat is awarded to one of the remaining district candidates so that proportionality is achieved across the region, using a calculation that aims to award parties their seats in the districts where they had their strongest performances.

Mixed-member majoritarian representation

Mixed member majoritarian representation (MMM) is type of a mixed electoral system combining majoritarian and proportional methods, where the disproportional results of the majoritarian side of the system prevail over the proportional component. Mixed member majoritarian systems are therefore also as a type of semi-proportional representation, and are usually contrasted with mixed-member proportional representation (MMP) which aims to provide proportional representation via additional compensation ("top-up") seats.