Juryvignette|The Jury de John Morgan (1861) : jury criminel à Aylesbury, au Royaume-Uni. Un jury est un ensemble de citoyens, appelés des jurés, chargés de rendre un verdict dans un procès. Dans son sens commun, le jury regroupe l'ensemble des personnes chargées de sélectionner des candidats à un concours. Le système de jury trouve son origine dans le consilium (en français : conseil), mis en place dans les débuts de l'Inquisition au Moyen Âge, notamment à Toulouse au , où l'on atteste son existence dans des procès intentés par les inquisiteurs Bernard de Caux et Jean de Saint-Pierre.
Jury trialA jury trial, or trial by jury, is a legal proceeding in which a jury makes a decision or findings of fact. It is distinguished from a bench trial in which a judge or panel of judges makes all decisions. Jury trials are used in a significant share of serious criminal cases in many but not all common law judicial systems. The majority of common law jurisdictions in Asia (such as Singapore, India, Pakistan and Malaysia) have abolished jury trials on the grounds that juries are susceptible to bias.
Jury nullificationJury nullification (US/UK), jury equity (UK), or a perverse verdict (UK) occurs when the jury in a criminal trial gives a not guilty verdict regardless of whether they believe a defendant has broken the law. The jury's reasons may include the belief that the law itself is unjust, that the prosecutor has misapplied the law in the defendant's case, that the punishment for breaking the law is too harsh, or general frustrations with the criminal justice system. Some juries have also refused to convict due to their own prejudices in favor of the defendant.
Jury selectionJury selection is the selection of the people who will serve on a jury during a jury trial. The group of potential jurors (the "jury pool,” also known as the venire) is first selected from among the community using a reasonably random method. Jury lists are compiled from voter registrations and driver license or ID renewals. From those lists, summonses are mailed. A panel of jurors is then assigned to a courtroom. The prospective jurors are randomly selected to sit in the jury box.
Jury tamperingJury tampering is the crime of unduly attempting to influence the composition or decisions of a jury during the course of a trial. The means by which this crime could be perpetrated can include attempting to discredit potential jurors to ensure they will not be selected for duty. Once selected, jurors could be bribed or intimidated to act in a certain manner on duty. It could also involve making unauthorized contact with them for the purpose of introducing prohibited outside information and then arguing for a mistrial.
