Protection sociale aux États-UnisLa protection sociale aux États-Unis, qui englobe plusieurs programmes dont la sécurité sociale, couvre 85 % de la population américaine. Même si les droits sociaux ne sont pas inscrits dans la Constitution des États-Unis, le gouvernement de cette nation applique, depuis le New Deal et la création de l'État-providence (Welfare State) plusieurs programmes afin d’aider les personnes en difficulté. En 2000, 180 millions d’américains (pour une population totale d'environ 300 millions) bénéficiaient de la Sécurité sociale.
Single-payer healthcareSingle-payer healthcare is a type of universal healthcare in which the costs of essential healthcare for all residents are covered by a single public system (hence "single-payer"). Single-payer systems may contract for healthcare services from private organizations (as is the case in Canada) or may own and employ healthcare resources and personnel (as is the case in the United Kingdom). "Single-payer" describes the mechanism by which healthcare is paid for by a single public authority, not a private authority, nor a mix of both.
Big dataLe big data ( « grosses données » en anglais), les mégadonnées ou les données massives, désigne les ressources d’informations dont les caractéristiques en termes de volume, de vélocité et de variété imposent l’utilisation de technologies et de méthodes analytiques particulières pour créer de la valeur, et qui dépassent en général les capacités d'une seule et unique machine et nécessitent des traitements parallélisés. L’explosion quantitative (et souvent redondante) des données numériques permet une nouvelle approche pour analyser le monde.
Two-tier healthcareTwo-tier healthcare is a situation in which a basic government-provided healthcare system provides basic care, and a secondary tier of care exists for those who can pay for additional, better quality or faster access. Most countries have both publicly and privately funded healthcare, but the degree to which it creates a quality differential depends on the way the two systems are managed, funded, and regulated. Some publicly funded universal healthcare systems deliver excellent service and the private system tends to be small and not highly differentiated.
AnalyticsAnalytics is the systematic computational analysis of data or statistics. It is used for the discovery, interpretation, and communication of meaningful patterns in data. It also entails applying data patterns toward effective decision-making. It can be valuable in areas rich with recorded information; analytics relies on the simultaneous application of statistics, computer programming, and operations research to quantify performance. Organizations may apply analytics to business data to describe, predict, and improve business performance.
