Knowledge-based systemsA knowledge-based system (KBS) is a computer program that reasons and uses a knowledge base to solve complex problems. The term is broad and refers to many different kinds of systems. The one common theme that unites all knowledge based systems is an attempt to represent knowledge explicitly and a reasoning system that allows it to derive new knowledge. Thus, a knowledge-based system has two distinguishing features: a knowledge base and an inference engine.
Digital imagingDigital imaging or digital image acquisition is the creation of a digital representation of the visual characteristics of an object, such as a physical scene or the interior structure of an object. The term is often assumed to imply or include the , , , printing and display of such images. A key advantage of a , versus an analog image such as a film photograph, is the ability to digitally propagate copies of the original subject indefinitely without any loss of image quality.
Business requirementsBusiness requirements, also known as stakeholder requirements specifications (StRS), describe the characteristics of a proposed system from the viewpoint of the system's end user like a CONOPS. Products, systems, software, and processes are ways of how to deliver, satisfy, or meet business requirements. Consequently, business requirements are often discussed in the context of developing or procuring software or other systems. Three main reasons for such discussions: A common practice is to refer to objectives, or expected benefits, as 'business requirements.
Système expertUn système expert est un outil capable de reproduire les mécanismes cognitifs d'un expert, dans un domaine particulier. Il s'agit de l'une des voies tentant d'aboutir à l'intelligence artificielle. Plus précisément, un système expert est un logiciel capable de répondre à des questions, en effectuant un raisonnement à partir de faits et de règles connues. Il peut servir notamment comme outil d'aide à la décision. Le premier système expert a été Dendral. Il permettait d'identifier les constituants chimiques.
Carte géographiquethumb|right|Esquisse explicative de la plus ancienne carte géographique connue (époque sumérienne, env. 2500 av. J.-C.) vignette|250px|Carte mondiale datant de 1154 réalisée par Al Idrissi pour Roger II de Sicile (ici retournée à ). thumb|right|upright=1.3|Tabula Rogeriana, dessiné par Muhammad al-Idrisi pour Roger II de Sicile (ici retournée à ). Une carte géographique est une représentation d'un espace géographique. Elle met en valeur l'étendue de cet espace, sa localisation relative par rapport aux espaces voisins, ainsi que la localisation des éléments qu'il contient.
