NomenclatureUne nomenclature est un système de classification (code, tableau, liste, règles d'attribution d'identité...) servant de référence dans le cadre d'une activité professionnelle, industrielle ou d'une discipline donnée (exemples : en chimie, en botanique, en zoologie, en astronomie). La nomenclature est un élément-clé de toute taxonomie. Le mot et l'idée viennent directement du latin nomenclatura. Primitivement, le nomenclator désigne l'esclave qui clame les noms des plats d'un dîner ou annonce les personnes à leur arrivée en un lieu.
Enthalpy of mixingIn thermodynamics, the enthalpy of mixing (also heat of mixing and excess enthalpy) is the enthalpy liberated or absorbed from a substance upon mixing. When a substance or compound is combined with any other substance or compound, the enthalpy of mixing is the consequence of the new interactions between the two substances or compounds. This enthalpy, if released exothermically, can in an extreme case cause an explosion. Enthalpy of mixing can often be ignored in calculations for mixtures where other heat terms exist, or in cases where the mixture is ideal.
Nomenclature codesNomenclature codes or codes of nomenclature are the various rulebooks that govern biological taxonomic nomenclature, each in their own broad field of organisms. To an end-user who only deals with names of species, with some awareness that species are assignable to families, it may not be noticeable that there is more than one code, but beyond this basic level these are rather different in the way they work. The successful introduction of two-part names for species by Linnaeus was the start for an ever-expanding system of nomenclature.
Enthalpie de solutionIn thermochemistry, the enthalpy of solution (heat of solution or enthalpy of solvation) is the enthalpy change associated with the dissolution of a substance in a solvent at constant pressure resulting in infinite dilution. The enthalpy of solution is most often expressed in kJ/mol at constant temperature. The energy change can be regarded as being made of three parts: the endothermic breaking of bonds within the solute and within the solvent, and the formation of attractions between the solute and the solvent.
Nomenclature botaniqueLa nomenclature botanique et mycologique est une discipline non scientifique de droit botanique qui a pour objet d'édicter les règles permettant de former les noms de taxons des organismes « considérés comme plantes », et de déterminer leur priorité relative lorsque plusieurs d'entre eux sont en concurrence. Ces règles sont publiées dans un document mis à jour tous les six ans : le Code international de nomenclature botanique (CINB), qui est la traduction française (non officielle) de lInternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN).
