Irreversible processIn science, a process that is not reversible is called irreversible. This concept arises frequently in thermodynamics. All complex natural processes are irreversible, although a phase transition at the coexistence temperature (e.g. melting of ice cubes in water) is well approximated as reversible. In thermodynamics, a change in the thermodynamic state of a system and all of its surroundings cannot be precisely restored to its initial state by infinitesimal changes in some property of the system without expenditure of energy.
Reversible process (thermodynamics)In thermodynamics, a reversible process is a process, involving a system and its surroundings, whose direction can be reversed by infinitesimal changes in some properties of the surroundings, such as pressure or temperature. Throughout an entire reversible process, the system is in thermodynamic equilibrium, both physical and chemical, and nearly in pressure and temperature equilibrium with its surroundings. This prevents unbalanced forces and acceleration of moving system boundaries, which in turn avoids friction and other dissipation.
Générateur thermoélectriqueUn générateur thermoélectrique (GTE ou ) est une plaque comportant des semi-conducteurs et utilisant l'effet Seebeck pour produire de l'électricité en tirant parti de la différence de températures entre chaque face. Ce type de module est également utilisé pour le refroidissement thermoélectrique. On appelle l'effet utilisé, l'« effet Peltier–Seebeck », car il dérive des travaux du physicien français Jean-Charles Peltier et du physicien allemand Thomas Johann Seebeck.
Premier principe de la thermodynamiqueSelon le premier principe de la thermodynamique, lors de toute transformation, il y a conservation de l'énergie. Dans le cas des systèmes thermodynamiques fermés, il s'énonce de la manière suivante : Au cours d'une transformation quelconque d'un système fermé, la variation de son énergie est égale à la quantité d'énergie échangée avec le milieu extérieur, par transfert thermique (chaleur) et transfert mécanique (travail).
Seebeck coefficientThe Seebeck coefficient (also known as thermopower, thermoelectric power, and thermoelectric sensitivity) of a material is a measure of the magnitude of an induced thermoelectric voltage in response to a temperature difference across that material, as induced by the Seebeck effect. The SI unit of the Seebeck coefficient is volts per kelvin (V/K), although it is more often given in microvolts per kelvin (μV/K). The use of materials with a high Seebeck coefficient is one of many important factors for the efficient behaviour of thermoelectric generators and thermoelectric coolers.
