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A 3D indicator for guiding AI applications in the energy sector

Christophe Ballif, Marine Dominique C. Cauz, Laure-Emmanuelle Perret Aebi, Hugo James André Quest, Christian Rod, Alessandro Francesco Aldo Virtuani

The utilisation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications in the energy sector is gaining momentum, with increasingly intensive search for suitable, high-quality and trustworthy solutions that displayed promising results in research. The growing interest comes from decision makers of both the industry and policy domains, searching for applications to increase companies’ profitability, raise efficiency and facilitate the energy transition. This paper aims to provide a novel three-dimensional (3D) indicator for AI applications in the energy sector, based on their respective maturity level, regulatory risks and potential benefits. Case studies are used to exemplify the application of the 3D indicator, showcasing how the developed framework can be used to filter promising AI applications eligible for governmental funding or business development. In addition, the 3D indicator is used to rank AI applications considering different stakeholder preferences (risk-avoidance, profit-seeking, balanced). These results allow AI applications to be better categorised in the face of rapidly emerging national and intergovernmental AI strategies and regulations that constrain the use of AI applications in critical infrastructures.

2022

Benefits of a Diversified Energy Mix for Islanded Systems

Christophe Ballif, Lionel Benjamin Bloch, Marine Dominique C. Cauz, Laure-Emmanuelle Perret Aebi, Christian Rod

Achieving energy self-sufficiency is a major challenge for remote areas, especially islands. Various technologies have recently been developed to exploit renewable resources in such areas in order to reduce dependency on fossil fuels. This work focuses on the situation of Easter Island, a representative example of a remote area, and explores the pros and cons of three fully renewable energy mixes used to meet local requirements. This investigation reveals that, while a classic photovoltaic/battery combination allows demands to be met, the installations need to be oversized, leading to a 73% loss in the total energy produced. By adding alternative energy production sources such as wind turbines and pyrolysis, as well as alternative storage systems such as hydrogen-based storage, the energy loss is divided by a factor of 5. This more diverse energy mix enables a reasonable electricity price of 0.18 €/kWh, which is comparable to the current local prices. This work reinforces the importance of complementary energy production and storage systems to efficiently meet the energy requirements of islands.

2020

Integrated thinking for photovoltaics in buildings

Christophe Ballif, Sophie Lufkin, Laure-Emmanuelle Perret Aebi

Recent developments in photovoltaic technologies enable stimulating architectural integration into building façades and rooftops. Upcoming policies and a better coordination of all stakeholders will transform how we approach building-integrated photovoltaics and should lead to strong deployment.

2018