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Single chip dynamic nuclear polarization microsystem

Giovanni Boero, Marco Grisi, Gabriele Gualco, Alessandro Valentino Matheoud, Nergiz Sahin Solmaz

Integration of the sensitivity-relevant electronics of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometers on a single chip is a promising approach to improve the limit of detection, especially for samples in the nanoliter and subnanoliter range. Here, we demonstrate the cointegration on a single silicon chip of the front-end electronics of NMR and ESR detectors. The excitation/detection planar spiral microcoils of the NMR and ESR detectors are concentric and interrogate the same sample volume. This combination of sensors allows one to perform dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments using a single-chip-integrated microsystem having an area of about 2 mm2. In particular, we report 1H DNP-enhanced NMR experiments on liquid samples having a volume of about 1 nL performed at 10.7 GHz(ESR)/16 MHz(NMR). NMR enhancements as large as 50 are achieved on TEMPOL/H2O solutions at room temperature. The use of state-of-the-art submicrometer integrated circuit technologies should allow the future extension of the single-chip DNP microsystem approach proposed here up the THz(ESR)/GHz(NMR) region, corresponding to the strongest static magnetic fields currently available. Particularly interesting is the possibility to create arrays of such sensors for parallel DNP-enhanced NMR spectroscopy of nanoliter and subnanoliter samples.

2020

Single-chip electron spin resonance detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz

Jens Anders, Giovanni Boero, Jürgen Brugger, Gabriele Gualco, Alessandro Valentino Matheoud, Henrik Moodysson Rønnow, Ivica Zivkovic

We report on the design and characterization of single-chip electron spin resonance (ESR) detectors operating at 50 GHz, 92 GHz, and 146 GHz. The core of the single-chip ESR detectors is an integrated LC-oscillator, formed by a single turn aluminum planar coil, a metal-oxide-metal capacitor, and two metal-oxide semiconductor field effect transistors used as negative resistance network. On the same chip, a second, nominally identical, LC-oscillator together with a mixer and an output buffer are also integrated. Thanks to the slightly asymmetric capacitance of the mixer inputs, a signal at a few hundreds of MHz is obtained at the output of the mixer. The mixer is used for frequency down-conversion, with the aim to obtain an output signal at a frequency easily manageable off-chip. The coil diameters are 120 μm, 70 μm, and 45 μm for the U-band, W-band, and the D-band oscillators, respectively. The experimental frequency noises at 100 kHz offset from the carrier are 90 Hz/Hz1/2, 300 Hz/Hz1/2, and 700 Hz/Hz1/2 at 300 K, respectively. The ESR spectra are obtained by measuring the frequency variations of the single-chip oscillators as a function of the applied magnetic field. The experimental spin sensitivities, as measured with a sample of α,γ-bisdiphenylene-β-phenylallyl (BDPA)/benzene complex, are 1 × 108 spins/Hz1/2, 4 × 107 spins/Hz1/2, 2 × 107 spins/Hz1/2 at 300 K, respectively. We also show the possibility to perform experiments up to 360 GHz by means of the higher harmonics in the microwave field produced by the integrated single-chip LC-oscillators.

Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science2017

A broadband single-chip transceiver for multi-nuclear NMR probes

Giovanni Boero, Marco Grisi, Gabriele Gualco

In this article, we present an integrated broadband complementary metal-oxide semiconductor single-chip transceiver suitable for the realization of multi-nuclear pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes. The realized single-chip transceiver can be interfaced with on-chip integrated microcoils or external LC resonators operating in the range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. The dimension of the chip is about 1 mm(2). It consists of a radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier, a low-noise RF preamplifier, a frequency mixer, an audio-frequency amplifier, and fully integrated transmit-receive switches. As specific example, we show its use for multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. With an integrated coil of about 150 mu m external diameter, a H-1 spin sensitivity of about 1.5 x 10(13) spins/Hz(1/2) is achieved at 7 T. (C) 2015 AIP Publishing LLC.

American Institute of Physics2015