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A Decentralized Adaptive Model-Based Real-time Control for Active Distribution Networks Using Battery Energy Storage Systems

Maryam Bahramipanah, Mario Paolone, Dimitri Torregrossa

This paper proposes a real-time decentralized control algorithm in multi-area active distribution network relying only on dispersed Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs). In particular, we propose a zonal control strategy targeting voltage support and line congestion management. The proposed zonal control relies on an accurate dynamic model of BESSs capable to account for their DC active power limits. The communication among different areas is defined using the concept of multi-agents. The effectiveness of the proposed zonal control is assessed and compared to the equivalent centralized control problem using a test case composed by the IEEE 13 nodes distribution test feeders suitably adapted to include stochastic generation and BESSs.

2018

Battery Storage System Optimal Exploitation Through Physics-Based Model Predictive Control

Emil Namor, Mario Paolone, Fabrizio Sossan, Dimitri Torregrossa

Traditionally, the safe operation of a battery energy storage system (BESS) is achieved by imposing conservative constraints on its DC bus current and voltage. By using a computationally efficient single particle model (SPM), we propose to replace these constraints with the battery internal ion concentrations and electrical potentials in order to avoid these quantities to exceed hazardous limits. Indeed, the in-depth knowledge of the BESS internal states provided by the SPM, enhances the awareness of a control action and allows for a better exploitation of the BESS energy and power capabilities, while maintaining safe operational conditions. The target application is composed by a model predictive control (MPC) applied to a MW-class grid-connected BESS responsible to dispatch the operation of a medium voltage (20 kV) feeder interfacing heterogeneous loads and distributed generation. The performance of the proposed MPC are assessed and compared with respect to a traditional approach constraining the BESS DC bus current and voltage.

IEEE2017

Enhanced Equivalent Electrical Circuit Model of Lithium-based Batteries Accounting for Charge Redistribution, State-of-Health and Temperature Effects

Maryam Bahramipanah, Mario Paolone, Dimitri Torregrossa

Accurate models capable to predict the dynamic behavior and the State-of-Charge (SoC) of Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESSs) is a key aspect for the definition of model-based controls in electric vehicles and in power grid applications of these energy storage systems. In this context, the paper presents an enhanced electrical BESS model capable to accurately represent the effects of charge redistribution in Lithium-based cells. In fact, this phenomenon is the main source of nonlinearity in the behavior of such devices. The improvement of the proposed model is achieved by a virtual DC current generator accounting for the internal charge transfer. The behavior of this virtual generator is inferred from experimental results describing the effects of the charge redistribution during different sub-phases, namely charge, discharge and rest phases. The proposed model, along with its parameter assessment, has been experimentally validated for: i) two types of Li-ion chemistry, ii) aged cells; iii) different cell operating temperatures ranging from -20°C up to 55°C, iv) a complex battery cell pack of 25 kWh rated energy.

2017