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The influence of façade and space design on building occupants’ indoor experience

Marilyne Andersen, Luisa Pastore

Existing research on user’s satisfaction at the workplace have shown that occupants’ perceived comfort depends on a number of environmental and non-environmental factors and that forgiveness, meant as the indulgent attitude towards inadequate indoor environmental conditions, becomes an essential element in the ultimately rated level of appreciation of the indoor space. The aim of this study was to determine to what extent the building and façade design may affect a workplace as far as its occupants’ perceived comfort and satisfaction are concerned. Data collected in an extensive post-occupancy evaluation conducted in four Swiss office buildings were used to specifically question the impact of their respective façade and space design. Despite sharing an equivalent environmental performance, these buildings differ substantially in terms of envelope designs, resulting in a heterogeneity of façade appearance and operability and thus a diversity of atmospheres inside the offices. Results revealed that aesthetical and emotional contribution brought by building design does indeed influence perceived comfort and satisfaction even when formal comfort-related environmental factors are the same. By introducing the concept of ‘seasonal Forgiveness Factor’, we could observe that higher ratings of the space and of the façade were strongly correlated with a higher level of tolerance towards possible criticalities of IEQ factors. The outcomes presented in this paper are expected to bring new insights and understanding to the multifaceted field of comfort and user satisfaction, while providing useful inputs to the façade and design industry.

2021

Building energy certification versus user satisfaction with the indoor environment: Findings from a multi-site post-occupancy evaluation (POE) in Switzerland

Marilyne Andersen, Luisa Pastore

Voluntary green-rating systems exist in different forms worldwide to certify the sustainability of residential and commercial buildings and help national policies promote energy-efficient design practices. Despite the general assumption that sustainable buildings also provide high comfort and healthy conditions, existing studies on green-rated buildings led to controversial conclusions in this regard.This paper aims to report the results of a post-occupancy evaluation (POE) conducted on four Swiss green buildings certified with the Minergie label to analyse their ability in providing comfort to their occupants. The POE protocol included winter and summer environmental monitoring campaigns (long-term and instantaneous measurements) as well as extensive and point-in-time comfort surveys.From the study it was found that, although the observed environmental factors were most of the time complying with the norm prescriptions, the indoor conditions were never attaining the commonly used 80%satisfaction threshold by the users. Temperature and air quality appeared, in particular, as the most critical factors, with satisfaction rates never greater than 50% in three out of the four case studies.Design factors related to the personal control on the indoor environment as well as personal factors like gender, climate of origin and duration of residence in the country were also found to have an impact in the comfort rating.Professionals involved in the design and management of these buildings all agreed that feedback of this kind from building in use could help inform the design and operational process and move towards more effective green building certification systems and regulations.

2019