André Patrão Neves De Frias Martins

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André Patrão is a Postdoctoral Researcher at the EPFL Lab of Architecture, Criticism, History, and Theory (ACHT), where he also obtained his PhD in 2020, under the supervision of Professor Christophe van Gerrewey. He previously undertook studies in the domains of both architecture and philosophy, having attained a Master of Philosophy - 2015, KU Leuven, Belgium - and a Master of Sustainable Urban Design - 2014, Lund University, Sweden - as well as Bachelor of Philosophy - 2013, KU Leuven, Belgium - and a Bachelor of Architecture - 2011, University of Lisbon. His main line of research deals precisely with the relation between architecture and philosophy, on the one hand applying it methodologically to engage some of the most critical contemporary issues of either discipline, and, amongst them, on the other hand addressing the very fact of these interactions as a topic in itself: why does architecture resort to philosophy?; why does philosophy talk about architecture?; how do they do so?; what comes about; what are the promises, problems, and potentials of such relation? These matters have been pursued through the development of comprehensive historical overviews and in-depth analysis of particular moments when architecture and philosophy interacted directly and consequentially, to understand how each discipline has, does, and can interact, as well as if, when, and why they ought to at all. Essential authors in this investigation have thus far included philosophers Martin Heidegger, Michel Foucault, Jacques Derrida, and architects Kenneth Frampton, Rem Koolhaas, and Peter Eisenman, as well as numerous other authors with relevant contributions in the field.He has presented his work in numerous international conferences, and has lectured on these subjects to students at different academic levels, in various institutions, and in multiple languages. He has also been actively engaged in the organization of academic events, most recently the 5th Biennial Conference of the International Society for the Philosophy of Architecture (2021) - in collaboration with Dr. Hans Teerds (ETHZ) and Dr. Christoph Baumberger (ETHZ).

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André Patrão Neves De Frias Martins

2021

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Architecture and philosophy are no strangers to one another. In philosophical writings, architecture appears referred to, spoken of, described, defined, categorized, and figuratively used. In architectural discourse, by theoreticians and practitioners alike, philosophy appears in syllabi, bibliographies, in the formulation of design concepts, or their critique, or broader theory, through quotes or references to philosopher’s names, works, and terminology, not to mention in the commonplace expression “a philosophy”. Architecture and philosophy, in their multiple conceptions and formulations, across authors, movements, styles, schools of thought, and epochs up to the present day, have and continue to engage one another. The very fact of this engagement, however, rarely appears as an issue in itself. Why does architecture reach out to philosophy? Why does philosophy address architecture? How does or ought this contact occur, if it ought to at all? What are the promises, potentials, and problems contained in their intersections? And what is meant by this notion that has yet to be pinned down with approximate but unsatisfactory words like “engage”, “reach out”, “address”, “intersect”, or rather by a categorical slash, both splitting and joining, affirming difference while gathering it, as “architecture/philosophy”? Grounded on a broad historical overview of both disciplines’ relation, and of their increasing but still scarce thematization in recent scholarship, this thesis analyzes three case-studies of architecture and philosophy’s direct consequential interaction in the late 20th century – a particularly intense moment of exchange, when architects’ self-critique sought out contributions from philosophical insights, while philosophers’ own self-questioning led them to tinker with architectural discussions. First, the overlaps between Martin Heidegger’s philosophical project and vital architectural issues, in Being and Time (1927), “The Origin of the Work of Art” (1935/6), but principally “Building Dwelling Thinking” (1951); which historian and theoretician Kenneth Frampton carefully integrated as inalienable components of his own thinking, in the editorial “On Reading Heidegger” (1974) and subsequent texts like “Towards a Critical Regionalism: Six Points for an Architecture of Resistance” (1983), “Prospects for a Critical Regionalism” (1983), and “Rappel à l’Ordre: the Case for the Tectonic” (1990). Second, Michel Foucault’s incidental thoughts on architecture, coherently reassembled from “Of Other Spaces” (1967), “Space, Knowledge, and Power” (1982), and Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975); and the latter’s effects, perceptible yet difficult to grasp, upon aspects of Rem Koolhaas’ renovation design for the Koepel Panopticon Prison (1979-1981), described in the text “Revisions” (1981). Third, the collaboration between Jacques Derrida, challenging and letting himself be challenged by architectural practice, and Peter Eisenman, extracting productive stimulus from deliberate misreadings of philosophy, in the design of a garden for Parc de la Villette (1985-1987), expanded upon in their book Chora L Works (1997). The unprecedented reading of each case-study brings to light heterogeneous manifestations of a consistent mutual need of architecture and philosophy to support, transform, and enrich the specific tasks of one another, while bearing witness to the necessity, pertinence, and even urgency of reflecting upon it.

EPFL2020

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Jean et Jean face-à-face: le dialogue entre l’architecture et la philosophie à travers Baudrillard et Nouvel

André Patrão Neves De Frias Martins

Les interactions entre l’architecture et la philosophie sont un fait historique, si ancien que les domaines eux-mêmes, et incontournable pour ses identités contemporaines. Les théoriciens et praticiens de l’architecture assimilent la philosophie dans son discours pour formuler, contextualiser, questionner, et clarifier les sujets pressants de leur profession, ou tout simplement comme un stimulant conceptuel qui génère de nouvelles idées. Les philosophes, d’habitude plus motivés par l’enthousiasme des architectes que par un intérêt propre et spontané, parlent aux architectes mais pas forcément de l’architecture, en utilisant en revanche comme moyen d’illustrer, informer, développer, et appliquer leurs pensées philosophiques qui sont, presque par hasard, pertinentes pour l’architecture aussi. Ainsi, cette relation mutuellement bénéfique se déroule très différemment en architecture et en philosophie, dès les approches que chacun emploie pour adresser l’autre aux raisons de le faire, de sorte que, souvent, même quand ils semblent s’engager réciproquement en fait ils restent dans eux-mêmes. Mais de fois ces interactions sont aussi intersections, moments où un architecte et un philosophe se rencontrent et, à travers eux, les particularités de leurs disciplines sont forcées de se confronter, de se défier et d’être défiées directement par l’autre. Une intersection de ce type a engendré le livre Les objets singuliers : architecture et philosophie (2000), la transcription de deux conversations entre l’architecte Jean Nouvel (1945-) et le philosophe Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007) dans lesquelles les deux discutent de projets et écrits, d’architectes et de philosophes, d’architecture, de philosophie, des connexions entre eux, et une panoplie de sujets dans leur difficile mais vaste superposition. Les leçons de ces transcriptions, à vrai dire, dépassent les matières abordées par les protagonistes : en analysant pas seulement ce qui est échangé mais l’échange lui-même en tant que tel, ce dialogue se présente comme un exemple extraordinaire des motivations et mécanismes à la base de la relation entre les domaines. Son étude méthodologique dévoile des contributions instrumentales pour d’autres interactions, autour d’autres projets et écrits, par d’autres architectes et philosophes, pour adresser d’autres sujets, par nous, aujourd’hui.

2020

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