In studies of medical treatments, individuals often experience post-treatment events that predict their future outcomes. In this work, we study how to use initial observations of a recurrent event - a type of post-treatment event - to offer updated treatme ...
Point identification of causal effects requires strong assumptions that are unreasonable in many practical settings. However, bounds on these effects can often be derived under plausible assumptions. Even when these bounds are wide or cover null effects, t ...
Avoiding harm is an uncontroversial aim of personalized medicine and other epidemiologic initiatives. However, the precise mathematical translation of "harm"is disputable. Here, we use a formal causal language to study common, but distinct, definitions of ...
Young age is associated with increased risk of recurrence in hormone receptor (HR)–positive early-stage breast cancer (eBC). Lack of adherence to endocrine therapy (ET) is a potential reason for the lower survival proportions observed in younger patients, ...
Birth rates in Canada and the United States declined sharply in March 2020 and deviated from historical trends. This decline was absent in similarly developed European countries. We argue that the selective decline was driven by incoming individuals, who w ...
Pathogens usually exist in heterogeneous variants, like subtypes and strains. Quantifying treatment effects on the different variants is important for guiding prevention policies and vaccine development. Here, we ground analyses of variant-specific effects ...
Risk ratios are one of the most commonly used effect measures in epidemiology. Yet their properties and transportability across different populations remain debated. In this article, we show that the causal risk ratio is stable to selection based on immune ...
We recently questioned the utility of testing for proportional hazards in survival analysis. Here, we expand on why the proportional hazards assumption is both implausible and unnecessary in most medical studies, particularly in randomized trials. We concl ...
Hazard ratios are routinely reported as effect measures in clinical trials and observational studies. However, many methodological works have raised concerns about the interpretation of hazard ratios as causal effects. These concerns are often related to t ...
