Rat de laboratoireOn appelle « rat de laboratoire » un rat issu d’une souche ou d'une lignée sélectionnée, élevée et reproduite à la demande des établissements d'expérimentation animale, ou parfois pour les leçons d'anatomie et de dissection. Les rats étant bien plus faciles à élever que les singes (plus proches génétiquement de l'espèce humaine), ils sont devenus l'une des espèces les plus utilisées pour l'expérimentation animale.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, which, like other spinocerebellar ataxias, is characterized by neurological symptoms including dysarthria, hypermetric saccades, and ataxia of gait and stance. This cerebellar dysfunction is progressive and permanent. First onset of symptoms is normally between 30 and 40 years of age, though juvenile onset can occur. Death typically occurs within 10 to 30 years from onset.
Injective hullIn mathematics, particularly in algebra, the injective hull (or injective envelope) of a module is both the smallest injective module containing it and the largest essential extension of it. Injective hulls were first described in . A module E is called the injective hull of a module M, if E is an essential extension of M, and E is injective. Here, the base ring is a ring with unity, though possibly non-commutative. An injective module is its own injective hull. The injective hull of an integral domain is its field of fractions .
