Réseau privé virtuelthumb|upright=1.8|Principe d'un VPN simple En informatique, un réseau privé virtuel (RPV) ou réseau virtuel privé (RVP), plus communément abrégé en VPN (de l'virtual private network), est un système permettant de créer un lien direct entre des ordinateurs distants, qui isole leurs échanges du reste du trafic se déroulant sur des réseaux de télécommunication publics. On utilise notamment ce terme dans le télétravail, ainsi que dans le cadre de l'informatique en nuage.
Entropy (statistical thermodynamics)The concept entropy was first developed by German physicist Rudolf Clausius in the mid-nineteenth century as a thermodynamic property that predicts that certain spontaneous processes are irreversible or impossible. In statistical mechanics, entropy is formulated as a statistical property using probability theory. The statistical entropy perspective was introduced in 1870 by Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann, who established a new field of physics that provided the descriptive linkage between the macroscopic observation of nature and the microscopic view based on the rigorous treatment of large ensembles of microstates that constitute thermodynamic systems.
Kad networkThe Kad network is a peer-to-peer (P2P) network which implements the Kademlia P2P overlay protocol. The majority of users on the Kad Network are also connected to servers on the eDonkey network, and Kad Network clients typically query known nodes on the eDonkey network in order to find an initial node on the Kad network. The Kad network uses a UDP-based protocol to: Find sources for eD2k hashes. Search for eD2k hashes based on keywords in the file name. Find comments and ratings for files (hashes).
Communauté intentionnellevignette|Membre Yamagishi-Members 1959 Communauté intentionnelle est une notion en sociologie utilisée pour désigner un ensemble de personnes d'origines diverses ayant choisi de vivre ensemble en un lieu donné et sous une forme organisationnelle et architecturale définie. C'est l'intention qui distingue la communauté d'une autre. On recense aujourd'hui au moins six formes de communautés intentionnelles définies : la communauté religieuse ou spirituelle (monastère, ashram, etc.
Sense of communitySense of community (or psychological sense of community) is a concept in community psychology, social psychology, and community social work, as well as in several other research disciplines, such as urban sociology. It focuses on the experience of community rather than its structure, formation, setting, or other features. The latter is the province of public administration or community services administration which needs to understand how structures influence this feeling and psychological sense of community.
