Thermoluminescence datingThermoluminescence dating (TL) is the determination, by means of measuring the accumulated radiation dose, of the time elapsed since material containing crystalline minerals was either heated (lava, ceramics) or exposed to sunlight (sediments). As a crystalline material is heated during measurements, the process of thermoluminescence starts. Thermoluminescence emits a weak light signal that is proportional to the radiation dose absorbed by the material. It is a type of luminescence dating.
Conservation de la natureLa conservation de la nature consiste en la protection des populations d'espèces animales et végétales, ainsi que la conservation de l'intégrité écologique de leurs habitats naturels ou de substitution (comme les haies, carrières, terrils, mares ou autres habitats façonnés par les humains). Son objectif est de maintenir les écosystèmes dans un bon état de conservation et de prévenir ou de corriger les dégradations qu'ils pourraient subir. Chronologie de l'écologisme L'écologisme a des racines anciennes et plutôt anglo-saxonnes, qui ont évolué à la fin du .
Social and environmental impact of palm oilPalm oil, produced from the oil palm, is a basic source of income for many farmers in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America. It is locally used as cooking oil, exported for use in much commercial food and personal care products and is converted into biofuel. It produces up to 10 times more oil per unit area than soybeans, rapeseed or sunflowers. Oil palms produce 38% of the world's vegetable-oil output on 5% of the world's vegetable-oil farmland.
