Cellular senescenceCellular senescence is a phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division. In their experiments during the early 1960s, Leonard Hayflick and Paul Moorhead found that normal human fetal fibroblasts in culture reach a maximum of approximately 50 cell population doublings before becoming senescent. This process is known as "replicative senescence", or the Hayflick limit. Hayflick's discovery of mortal cells paved the path for the discovery and understanding of cellular aging molecular pathways.
Souris« Souris » est un nom du vocabulaire courant qui peut désigner toutes sortes de mammifères rongeurs ayant généralement une petite taille, un museau pointu, des oreilles rondes, un pelage gris-brun et une queue relativement longue. Autrement dit, ce terme ne correspond pas à un niveau précis de la classification scientifique des espèces. Il s'agit d'un nom vernaculaire dont le sens est ambigu en biologie, car il est applicable seulement à une partie des espèces classées dans l'ordre des Rodentia.
OncogèneLes oncogènes (du grec onkos, signifiant vrac, masse ou tumeur et génos signifiant génération, naissance, origine) sont une catégorie de gènes dont l'expression favorise la survenue de cancers. Ce sont des gènes qui commandent la synthèse d'oncoprotéines, protéines stimulant la division cellulaire ou inhibant la mort cellulaire programmée (apoptose), ce qui déclenche une prolifération désordonnée des cellules. Le terme oncogène peut désigner aussi des virus qui provoquent l'apparition de cancers.
Transcription factor JunTranscription factor Jun is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JUN gene. c-Jun, in combination with protein c-Fos, forms the AP-1 early response transcription factor. It was first identified as the Fos-binding protein p39 and only later rediscovered as the product of the JUN gene. c-jun was the first oncogenic transcription factor discovered. The proto-oncogene c-Jun is the cellular homolog of the viral oncoprotein v-jun (). The viral homolog v-jun was discovered in avian sarcoma virus 17 and was named for ju-nana, the Japanese word for 17.
Dysplastic nevus syndromeDysplastic nevus syndrome, also known as familial atypical multiple mole–melanoma (FAMMM) syndrome, is an inherited cutaneous condition described in certain families, and characterized by unusual nevi and multiple inherited melanomas. First described in 1820, the condition is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, and caused by mutations in the CDKN2A gene. In addition to melanoma, individuals with the condition are at increased risk for pancreatic cancer.
