Région non traduiteLes régions non traduites, ou régions UTR (untranslated regions en anglais), sont les parties de l'ARNm issues de la transcription de l'ADN qui ne sont pas traduites en protéines. On distingue les régions 5'-UTR (contenant par exemple la coiffe chez les eucaryotes) et 3'-UTR, respectivement du côté 5' et 3' de l'ARNm. Les régions UTR — que l'on retrouve tant chez les eucaryotes que chez les procaryotes, virus inclus — ont une grande importance dans la régulation de l'expression d'un gène.
Graft-versus-host diseaseGraft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a syndrome, characterized by inflammation in different organs. GvHD is commonly associated with bone marrow transplants and stem cell transplants. White blood cells of the donor's immune system which remain within the donated tissue (the graft) recognize the recipient (the host) as foreign (non-self). The white blood cells present within the transplanted tissue then attack the recipient's body's cells, which leads to GvHD.
PolyomaviridaePolyomaviridae is a family of viruses whose natural hosts are primarily mammals and birds. As of 2020, there are six recognized genera and 117 species, five of which are unassigned to a genus. 14 species are known to infect humans, while others, such as Simian Virus 40, have been identified in humans to a lesser extent. Most of these viruses are very common and typically asymptomatic in most human populations studied.
Effet cytopathiqueEn biologie cellulaire, on appelle effet cytopathique (ECP) les altérations métaboliques, biochimiques et morphologiques d'une cellule hôte infectée par un virus. La réplication virale mobilise en effet l'essentiel des ressources biochimiques de la cellule, qui s'en trouve profondément affectée d'une façon spécifique à chaque virus.
Ethics of cloningIn bioethics, the ethics of cloning refers to a variety of ethical positions regarding the practice and possibilities of cloning, especially human cloning. While many of these views are religious in origin, some of the questions raised by cloning are faced by secular perspectives as well. Perspectives on human cloning are theoretical, as human therapeutic and reproductive cloning are not commercially used; animals are currently cloned in laboratories and in livestock production.
