Necking (engineering)In engineering and materials science, necking is a mode of tensile deformation where relatively large amounts of strain localize disproportionately in a small region of the material. The resulting prominent decrease in local cross-sectional area provides the basis for the name "neck". Because the local strains in the neck are large, necking is often closely associated with yielding, a form of plastic deformation associated with ductile materials, often metals or polymers.
Phosphorus-32Phosphorus-32 (32P) is a radioactive isotope of phosphorus. The nucleus of phosphorus-32 contains 15 protons and 17 neutrons, one more neutron than the most common isotope of phosphorus, phosphorus-31. Phosphorus-32 only exists in small quantities on Earth as it has a short half-life of 14 days and so decays rapidly. Phosphorus is found in many organic molecules and so phosphorus-32 has many applications in medicine, biochemistry, and molecular biology where it can be used to trace phosphorylated molecules (for example, in elucidating metabolic pathways) and radioactively label DNA.
The dose makes the poison"The dose makes the poison" (dosis sola facit venenum 'only the dose makes the poison') is an adage intended to indicate a basic principle of toxicology. It is credited to Paracelsus who expressed the classic toxicology maxim "All things are poison, and nothing is without poison; the dosage alone makes it so a thing is not a poison." This is often condensed to: "The dose makes the poison" or in Latin, "Sola dosis facit venenum".
Jumeaux siamoisChez les humains, l'appellation jumeaux siamois (ou frères siamois au masculin et sœurs siamoises au féminin) désigne communément les jumeaux fusionnés symétriques, réunis par une partie de leur corps au cours du développement embryonnaire. Ils doivent leur nom à Chang et Eng Bunker (1811-1874), jumeaux fusionnés originaires du Siam réunis par le processus xiphoïde, exhibés en Amérique et en Europe durant le . Cette pathologie ne survient que lors de grossesse gémellaire monochoriale monoamniotique (une seule poche des eaux pour les deux fœtus).
