Mémoire à long termeEn psychologie cognitive, la mémoire à long terme (MLT) est la mémoire qui permet de retenir, de manière illimitée, une information sur des périodes de temps très longues (années). La notion de MLT est un concept utilisé dans les modèles de mémoire qui distinguent plusieurs sous-systèmes en fonction du type d'information mémorisé et de la durée de rétention. La mémoire à long terme s'oppose ainsi au registre sensoriel (ou mémoire sensorielle), à la mémoire à court terme et à la mémoire de travail.
FluvoxamineLa fluvoxamine (Floxyfral) est un médicament antidépresseur qui traite les épisodes dépressifs majeurs (c'est-à-dire caractérisés) chez l'adulte de plus de 18 ans et les troubles obsessionnels compulsifs (TOC) chez l’enfant de plus de 8 ans et l’adolescent. C'est un inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonine. Ses effets secondaires sont : constipation, céphalées, angoisse, irritation, problèmes sexuels, bouche sèche, des problèmes de sommeil et un risque suicidaire en début de traitement par levée de l'inhibition psychomotrice.
InsomnieL'insomnie définit le plus souvent des problèmes de sommeil chez un individu. Ce terme est créé au sur la base du latin insomnia (du latin somniculus, « état de celui qui dort ») et signifie stricto sensu la privation de sommeil. Dans l'acception commune et courante, l'insomnie est la diminution de la durée habituelle du sommeil et/ou l'atteinte de la qualité du sommeil avec répercussion sur la qualité de la veille du lendemain.
Melatonin as a medication and supplementMelatonin is a dietary supplement and medication as well as naturally occurring hormone. As a hormone, melatonin is released by the pineal gland and is involved in sleep–wake cycles. As a supplement, it is often used for the attempted short-term treatment of disrupted sleep patterns, such as from jet lag or shift work, and is typically taken orally. Evidence of its benefit for this use, however, is not strong. A 2017 review found that sleep onset occurred six minutes faster with use, but found no change in total time asleep.
Context-dependent memoryIn psychology, context-dependent memory is the improved recall of specific episodes or information when the context present at encoding and retrieval are the same. In a simpler manner, "when events are represented in memory, contextual information is stored along with memory targets; the context can therefore cue memories containing that contextual information". One particularly common example of context-dependence at work occurs when an individual has lost an item (e.g. lost car keys) in an unknown location.
Spatial cognitionSpatial cognition is the acquisition, organization, utilization, and revision of knowledge about spatial environments. It is most about how animals including humans behave within space and the knowledge they built around it, rather than space itself. These capabilities enable individuals to manage basic and high-level cognitive tasks in everyday life. Numerous disciplines (such as cognitive psychology, neuroscience, artificial intelligence, geographic information science, cartography, etc.
Emotion and memoryEmotion can have a powerful effect on humans and animals. Numerous studies have shown that the most vivid autobiographical memories tend to be of emotional events, which are likely to be recalled more often and with more clarity and detail than neutral events. The activity of emotionally enhanced memory retention can be linked to human evolution; during early development, responsive behavior to environmental events would have progressed as a process of trial and error.
Rostral migratory streamThe rostral migratory stream (RMS) is a specialized migratory route found in the brain of some animals along which neuronal precursors that originated in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb (OB). The importance of the RMS lies in its ability to refine and even change an animal's sensitivity to smells, which explains its importance and larger size in the rodent brain as compared to the human brain, as our olfactory sense is not as developed.
Melatonin receptor agonistMelatonin receptor agonists are analogues of melatonin that bind to and activate the melatonin receptor. Agonists of the melatonin receptor have a number of therapeutic applications including treatment of sleep disorders and depression. The discovery and development of melatonin receptor agonists was motivated by the need for more potent analogues than melatonin, with better pharmacokinetics and longer half-lives. Melatonin receptor agonists were developed with the melatonin structure as a model.
Inhibiteur sélectif de la recapture de la sérotonineLes inhibiteurs sélectifs de la recapture de la sérotonine (ISRS ; SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) en anglais) sont une classe médicamenteuse de psychotropes, de type antidépresseurs. Ils opèrent dans le cerveau, notamment en augmentant le taux d'un neurotransmetteur appelé sérotonine (5-hydroxytryptamine ou 5-HT). Ils agissent en inhibant la recapture de la sérotonine au niveau de la synapse.
