Stress-induced cognitive and psychopathological alterations
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Stress has been shown to modulate many aspects of physiology and behavior. In particular, substantial work has confirmed that stress is a strong modulator of learning and memory processes. It is more than a century that Yerkes and Dodson have shown that re ...
The amygdala, a group of nuclei located in the medial temporal lobe, is a key limbic structure involved in mood regulation, associative learning, and modulation of cognitive functions. Functional neuroanatomical studies suggest that this brain region plays ...
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent cause of cognitive disability in children and adults. It has been reported that defects in neurogenesis occur both during development and adulthood and possibly underlie cognitive dysfunction associated with DS. Rece ...
The NAD-dependent deacetylase Sir2 was initially identified as a mediator of replicative lifespan in budding yeast and was subsequently shown to modulate longevity in worms and flies. Its mammalian homologue, SIRT1, seems to have evolved complex systemic r ...
Over the past decade, it has become increasingly obvious that epigenetic mechanisms are an integral part of a multitude of brain functions that range from the development of the nervous system over basic neuronal functions to higher order cognitive process ...
In rodents, chronic stress induces long-lasting structural and functional alterations in the hippocampus, as well as learning and memory impairments. The neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) was previously hypothesized to be a key molecule in mediating the ...
Stress can have a strong and long lasting effect on the establishment and maintenance of dominance hierarchies in rats. When two rats of a pair have not been stressed (non-stressed pair) before a first social encounter, they establish a dominance hierarchy ...
Exposure to stress can affect the establishment of dominance hierarchies. In our model, a social hierarchy established by two male rats during a first encounter is not maintained 1 week later. If one of the two rats is stressed, the stressed rat becomes su ...
Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent cause of mental retardation in adults and children. It has been proposed that cognitive disabilities associated with DS may be ascribed to neurogenesis impairment during both development and adulthood. This view is s ...
Chronic stress in rodents was shown to induce structural shrinkage and functional alterations in the hippocampus that were linked to spatial memory impairments. Effects of chronic stress on the amygdala have been linked to a facilitation of fear conditioni ...