Scanning probe arrays for life sciences and nanobiology applications
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‘Real-time’ nanoscale imaging and single molecule force spectroscopy of bio-chemical specimen based on atomic force microscopy (AFM) requires cantilevers with both low force constant and high-resonant frequency. The required spring constant should be betwe ...
Abstract—A common problem when using piezoceramic actuators for precise positioning is their hysteresis. Either external sensors such as capacitive or inductive probes, optical sensors or strain gauges are commonly used. The latter are the most favorable s ...
The application of a novel voltammetric probe, based on an individually addressable gel-integrated microelectrode array (IA-GIME), for real-time, high-spatial resolution concentration profile measurements at interfaces is described. Reliability and validit ...