Sound recording and reproductionSound recording and reproduction is the electrical, mechanical, electronic, or digital inscription and re-creation of sound waves, such as spoken voice, singing, instrumental music, or sound effects. The two main classes of sound recording technology are analog recording and digital recording. Sound recording is the transcription of invisible vibrations in air onto a storage medium such as a phonograph disc. The process is reversed in sound reproduction, and the variations stored on the medium are transformed back into sound waves.
Fil magnétiquethumb|right|Un télégraphone modèle 1898, premier appareil à employer la technique du fil magnétique. L'enregistrement sur fil magnétique est une technologie obsolète, employée pour l'enregistrement sonore et sa restitution principalement dans la première moitié du . Le premier à l'employer est Valdemar Poulsen qui invente en 1898 le télégraphone, présenté à l'Exposition universelle de 1900 à Paris : son fonctionnement est basé sur un fil en acier, magnétisé à l'enregistrement.
Recording headA recording head is the physical interface between a recording apparatus and a moving recording medium. Recording heads are generally classified according to the physical principle that allows them to impress their data upon their medium. A recording head is often mechanically paired with a playback head, which, though proximal to, is often discrete from the record head. The two most common forms of recording head are: Magnetic - Magnetic recording heads use the principles of electromagnetism to coerce a paramagnetic recording medium, such as iron oxides, to orient in a readable manner such as magnetic tape.
Fibre optiqueUne fibre optique est un fil dont l’âme, très fine et faite de verre ou de plastique, a la propriété de conduire la lumière et sert pour la fibroscopie, l'éclairage ou la transmission de données numériques. Elle offre un débit d'information nettement supérieur à celui des câbles coaxiaux et peut servir de support à un réseau « large bande » par lequel transitent aussi bien la télévision, le téléphone, la visioconférence ou les données informatiques.
Enregistrement multipisteL'enregistrement multipiste est une méthode d'enregistrement sonore qui permet l'enregistrement et le réenregistrement de plusieurs sources sonores, simultanément ou successivement. Ce procédé permet notamment d'enregistrer plusieurs musiciens (ou groupes de musiciens) séparément, puis un chanteur, et de corriger ou d'améliorer, grâce à de nouvelles prises, l'interprétation des uns ou des autres, sans avoir à reprendre l'ensemble. En audiovisuel, les pistes servent au dialogue, aux bruits d'ambiance, à la musique.
Histoire des supports d'enregistrement sonorethumb|Enregistrement d'un chef de premières Nations sur un phonographe à cylindre en 1916 par Frances Densmore. L'histoire des supports d'enregistrement sonore débute en 1857 avec un appareil qui, s'il est capable d'enregistrer une onde sonore complète sous la forme d'un tracé et non plus de simples vibrations, n'en permet pas la restitution : le Phonautographe du Français Édouard-Léon Scott de Martinville — il faut attendre 2008 pour que des chercheurs parviennent à obtenir des fichiers audibles à partir de numérisations de tracés datant de 1860.
Fiber-optic cableA fiber-optic cable, also known as an optical-fiber cable, is an assembly similar to an electrical cable but containing one or more optical fibers that are used to carry light. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable is used. Different types of cable are used for optical communication in different applications, for example long-distance telecommunication or providing a high-speed data connection between different parts of a building.
Fiber-optic communicationFiber-optic communication is a method of transmitting information from one place to another by sending pulses of infrared or visible light through an optical fiber. The light is a form of carrier wave that is modulated to carry information. Fiber is preferred over electrical cabling when high bandwidth, long distance, or immunity to electromagnetic interference is required. This type of communication can transmit voice, video, and telemetry through local area networks or across long distances.
Magnetic storageMagnetic storage or magnetic recording is the storage of data on a magnetized medium. Magnetic storage uses different patterns of magnetisation in a magnetizable material to store data and is a form of non-volatile memory. The information is accessed using one or more read/write heads. Magnetic storage media, primarily hard disks, are widely used to store computer data as well as audio and video signals. In the field of computing, the term magnetic storage is preferred and in the field of audio and video production, the term magnetic recording is more commonly used.
Deformation (engineering)In engineering, deformation refers to the change in size or shape of an object. Displacements are the absolute change in position of a point on the object. Deflection is the relative change in external displacements on an object. Strain is the relative internal change in shape of an infinitesimally small cube of material and can be expressed as a non-dimensional change in length or angle of distortion of the cube. Strains are related to the forces acting on the cube, which are known as stress, by a stress-strain curve.
