Algorithme mémétiqueLes algorithmes mémétiques appartiennent à la famille des algorithmes évolutionnistes. Leur but est d'obtenir une solution approchée à un problème d'optimisation, lorsqu'il n'existe pas de méthode de résolution pour résoudre le problème de manière exacte en un temps raisonnable. Les algorithmes mémétiques sont nés d'une hybridation entre les algorithmes génétiques et les algorithmes de recherche locale. Ils utilisent le même processus de résolution que les algorithmes génétiques mais utilisent un opérateur de recherche locale après celui de mutation.
Index-matching materialIn optics, an index-matching material is a substance, usually a liquid, cement (adhesive), or gel, which has an index of refraction that closely approximates that of another object (such as a lens, material, fiber-optic, etc.). When two substances with the same index are in contact, light passes from one to the other with neither reflection nor refraction. As such, they are used for various purposes in science, engineering, and art.
Digital organismA digital organism is a self-replicating computer program that mutates and evolves. Digital organisms are used as a tool to study the dynamics of Darwinian evolution, and to test or verify specific hypotheses or mathematical models of evolution. The study of digital organisms is closely related to the area of artificial life. Digital organisms can be traced back to the game Darwin, developed in 1961 at Bell Labs, in which computer programs had to compete with each other by trying to stop others from executing .
