Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 alpha enhance glucose utilization by astrocytes: involvement of phospholipase A2
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The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that has been demonstrated to regulate fat cell development and glucose homeostasis. PPARgamma is also expressed in a subset of macrophages and nega ...
Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, interleukins (IL) 2, 4, 6, and 10, and IgG oligoclonal bands (IgG OB) in vitro production was assessed, after whole-blood stimulation with lipopolysaccharide or concanavalin A, in 61 patients presenting with relapsing-rem ...
Despite striking advances in functional brain imaging, the cellular and molecular mechanisms that underlie the signals detected by these techniques are still largely unknown. The basic physiological principle of functional imaging is represented by the tig ...
The Nef protein of primate lentiviruses acts as an important virulence factor in vivo both in monkeys and in humans. Among a human cohort of long-term non-progressors, several Nef defective HIV1 viruses have been isolated, indicating that Nef may accelerat ...
Signals detected with functional brain imaging techniques are based on the coupling between neuronal activity and energy metabolism. Positron emission tomography signals detect blood flow, oxygen consumption and glucose utilization associated with neuronal ...
The regulatory effects of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were investigated on CD4 and Mac-1 expression in mouse microglial cultures. The identity of the microglia in cultures was co ...
Evidence suggests that astrocytes might play an important role in cerebral energy metabolism. A recently developed cell line, called DI TNC1, displays several characteristic features of astrocytes. Thus, we have investigated in these cells a number of para ...
The pentose phosphate pathway and the pyruvate shunt were identified as major pathways of glucose catabolism in a recombinant, riboflavin-producing Bacillus subtilis strain. Reactions connecting the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glycolysis, catalyzed by the ...
The transcription factors CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)-beta and -delta are key regulators for the expression of the acute phase genes in the liver, such as complement component C3 and antichymotrypsin. In the brain, these acute phase proteins are ...
The transport of lactate is an essential part of the concept of metabolic coupling between neurons and glia. Lactate transport in primary cultures of astroglial cells was shown to be mediated by a single saturable transport system with a Km value for lacta ...