Énergie (économie)vignette|Évolution des cours mondiaux de l'énergie, 1991-2010 (indice 100 en 2000). vignette|Prix du pétrole aux États-Unis, sur une période longue. L'énergie est un secteur économique de première importance, qui comprend la production, le transport, la transformation, la distribution et la commercialisation des diverses sources d'énergie. L'exploitation des sources d'énergie primaire est suivie par sa transformation éventuelle en énergie secondaire : production de produits pétroliers par raffinage, production d'électricité et de chaleur.
Fosse à bitumeTar pits, sometimes referred to as asphalt pits, are large asphalt deposits. They form in the presence of oil, which is created when decayed organic matter is subjected to pressure underground. If this crude oil seeps upward via fractures, conduits, or porous sedimentary rock layers, it may pool up at the surface. The lighter components of the crude oil evaporate into the atmosphere, leaving behind a black, sticky asphalt. Tar pits are often excavated because they contain large fossil collections.
Downstream (petroleum industry)The oil and gas industry is usually divided into three major sectors: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The downstream sector is the refining of petroleum crude oil and the processing and purifying of raw natural gas, as well as the marketing and distribution of products derived from crude oil and natural gas. The downstream sector reaches consumers through products such as gasoline or petrol, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel oil, heating oil, fuel oils, lubricants, waxes, asphalt, natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as well as naphtha and hundreds of petrochemicals.
