Web queryA web query or web search query is a query that a user enters into a web search engine to satisfy their information needs. Web search queries are distinctive in that they are often plain text and boolean search directives are rarely used. They vary greatly from standard query languages, which are governed by strict syntax rules as command languages with keyword or positional parameters. There are three broad categories that cover most web search queries: informational, navigational, and transactional.
Scanner (informatique)Un scanner, ou scanneur, aussi appelé numériseur à balayage, est un périphérique informatique qui permet de numériser des documents ou autres, comme les empreintes digitales par exemple. Un scanner analyse le document en mesurant sa réflectance élément de surface par élément de surface. Les éléments reçoivent, simultanément ou séquenciellement, un rayon lumineux ; un ou plusieurs capteurs transforment la lumière réfléchie en un signal électrique qui est numérisé, constituant ainsi une transférée à l'ordinateur, pour y être ensuite sauvegardé, traité ou analysé.
Non-negative matrix factorizationNon-negative matrix factorization (NMF or NNMF), also non-negative matrix approximation is a group of algorithms in multivariate analysis and linear algebra where a matrix V is factorized into (usually) two matrices W and H, with the property that all three matrices have no negative elements. This non-negativity makes the resulting matrices easier to inspect. Also, in applications such as processing of audio spectrograms or muscular activity, non-negativity is inherent to the data being considered.
