Cancer de l'endomètreLe 'cancer de l'endomètre, appelé aussi cancer du corps utérin', est le cancer qui se développe à partir de l'endomètre qui est le tissu de l'utérus où se produit la nidation. Au sens strict, ce terme générique désigne l'ensemble des tumeurs malignes (cancer) de l'endomètre. Dans l'usage, il désigne l'adénocarcinome de l'endomètre. Il ne doit pas être confondu avec le cancer du col de l'utérus car les causes et les caractéristiques épidémiologiques de ces deux cancers sont différentes.
OncogèneLes oncogènes (du grec onkos, signifiant vrac, masse ou tumeur et génos signifiant génération, naissance, origine) sont une catégorie de gènes dont l'expression favorise la survenue de cancers. Ce sont des gènes qui commandent la synthèse d'oncoprotéines, protéines stimulant la division cellulaire ou inhibant la mort cellulaire programmée (apoptose), ce qui déclenche une prolifération désordonnée des cellules. Le terme oncogène peut désigner aussi des virus qui provoquent l'apparition de cancers.
Tumeur de l'utérusUterine cancer, also known as womb cancer, includes two types of cancer that develop from the tissues of the uterus. Endometrial cancer forms from the lining of the uterus, and uterine sarcoma forms from the muscles or support tissue of the uterus. Endometrial cancer accounts for approximately 90% of all uterine cancers in the United States. Symptoms of endometrial cancer include changes in vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis. Symptoms of uterine sarcoma include unusual vaginal bleeding or a mass in the vagina.
Virtual karyotypeVirtual karyotype is the digital information reflecting a karyotype, resulting from the analysis of short sequences of DNA from specific loci all over the genome, which are isolated and enumerated. It detects genomic copy number variations at a higher resolution for level than conventional karyotyping or chromosome-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The main methods used for creating virtual karyotypes are array-comparative genomic hybridization and SNP arrays.
Homeobox protein NANOGHomeobox protein NANOG (hNanog) is a transcriptional factor that helps embryonic stem cells (ESCs) maintain pluripotency by suppressing cell determination factors. hNanog is encoded in humans by the NANOG gene. Several types of cancer are associated with NANOG. The name NANOG derives from Tír na nÓg (Irish for "Land of the Young"), a name given to the Celtic Otherworld in Irish and Scottish mythology. The human hNanog protein coded by the NANOG gene, consists of 305 amino acids and possesses 3 functional domains: the N-terminal domain, the C- terminal domain, and the conserved homeodomain motif.
Focal lung pneumatosisA focal lung pneumatosis, is an enclosed pocket of air or gas in the lung and includes blebs, bullae, pulmonary cysts, and lung cavities. Blebs and bullae can be classified by their wall thickness. A bleb has a wall thickness of less than 1 mm. By radiology definition, it is up to 1 cm in total size. By pathology definition, it originates in the pleurae (rather than in the lung parenchyma). A bulla has a wall thickness of less than 1 mm. By radiology definition, it has a total size of greater than 1 cm.
