Foundation degreeA foundation degree is a combined academic and vocational qualification in higher education in the United Kingdom, equivalent to two-thirds of an honours bachelor's degree. Foundation degrees were introduced by the Department for Education and Employment in 2000. They are available in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, and offered by universities, colleges with their own foundation degree awarding powers, and colleges and employers running courses validated by universities.
Réseau invariant d'échelleUn réseau invariant d'échelle (ou réseau sans échelle, ou encore scale-free network en anglais) est un réseau dont les degrés suivent une loi de puissance. Plus explicitement, dans un tel réseau, la proportion de nœuds de degré k est proportionnelle à pour grand, où est un paramètre (situé entre 2 et 3 pour la plupart des applications). Beaucoup de réseaux, comme le réseau du web, les réseaux sociaux et les réseaux biologiques semblent se comporter comme des réseaux invariants d'échelle, d'où l'importance de ce modèle.
Community structureIn the study of complex networks, a network is said to have community structure if the nodes of the network can be easily grouped into (potentially overlapping) sets of nodes such that each set of nodes is densely connected internally. In the particular case of non-overlapping community finding, this implies that the network divides naturally into groups of nodes with dense connections internally and sparser connections between groups. But overlapping communities are also allowed.
