Mathematical formulation of the Standard ModelThis article describes the mathematics of the Standard Model of particle physics, a gauge quantum field theory containing the internal symmetries of the unitary product group SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1). The theory is commonly viewed as describing the fundamental set of particles – the leptons, quarks, gauge bosons and the Higgs boson. The Standard Model is renormalizable and mathematically self-consistent, however despite having huge and continued successes in providing experimental predictions it does leave some unexplained phenomena.
HypernoyauA hypernucleus is similar to a conventional atomic nucleus, but contains at least one hyperon in addition to the normal protons and neutrons. Hyperons are a category of baryon particles that carry non-zero strangeness quantum number, which is conserved by the strong and electromagnetic interactions. A variety of reactions give access to depositing one or more units of strangeness in a nucleus. Hypernuclei containing the lightest hyperon, the lambda (Λ), tend to be more tightly bound than normal nuclei, though they can decay via the weak force with a mean lifetime of around 200ps.
Fuzzball (théorie des cordes)284px|vignette|droite|Selon la théorie, les fuzzballs, tout comme les trous noirs classiques, déforment l'espace-temps et courbent la lumière. Ici, le bord de la tache noire centrale, l'horizon des événements, correspond non seulement à la surface où sa vitesse de libération est égale à la vitesse de la lumière mais aussi la surface physique de la fuzzball. (Vue d'artiste.
