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The protooncogene MYC has been implicated in both the proliferation and programmed cell death of lymphoid cells, and in the genesis of lymphoid tumors. Here, we report that overexpression of MYC, as found in many lymphomas, can break immune tolerance. Mice ...
Since the discovery of the first member ten years ago, the receptor-interacting protein (RIP) family kinases have emerged as essential sensors of cellular stress. The different members integrate both extracellular stress signals transmitted by various cell ...
Interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1RI) is a master regulator of inflammation and innate immunity. When triggered by IL-1beta, IL-1RI aggregates with IL-1R-associated protein (IL-1RAcP) and forms a membrane proximal signalosome that potently activates downstream s ...
Clotting is critical in limiting hemolymph loss and initiating wound healing in insects as in vertebrates. It is also an important immune defense, quickly forming a secondary barrier to infection, immobilizing bacteria and thereby promoting their killing. ...
In mobile ad hoc networks, nodes act both as terminals and information relays, and they participate in a common routing protocol, such as dynamic source routing (DSR). The network is vulnerable to routing misbehavior, due to faulty or malicious nodes. Misb ...
Multicellular organisms have evolved under relentless attacks from pathogens, and as a consequence have spiked their genomes with numerous genes that serve to thwart these threats, notably through the building of the innate and adaptive arms of the immune ...
A review. New, improved phenotypes. Somatic hypermutation in immune cells can be used for the fast directed evolution of proteins other than Igs (e.g., autofluorescent proteins). The target gene is inserted into the genome of activated B lymphocytes where ...
The immune system has to decide on the reaction it will perform when it encounters a pathogen for the first time. The decision is based on the context in which the pathogen is presented and the signals it receives from the innate immune system. Thereafter ...
Intrathymic T-cell maturation critically depends on the selective expansion of thymocytes expressing a functionally rearranged T-cell receptor (TCR) beta chain. In addition, TCR-independent signals also contribute to normal T-cell development. It is unclea ...
Nodes that build a mobile ad-hoc network participate in a common routing protocol in order to provide multi-hop radio communication. Routing defines how control information is exchanged between nodes in order to find the paths between communication pairs, ...