Publication
Freedom and rules: the acquisition and reprogramming of a bird's learned song
Résumé
Canary song is hierarchically structured: Short stereotyped syllables are repeated to form phrases, which in turn are arranged to form songs. This structure occurs even in the songs of young isolates, which suggests that innate rules govern canary song development. However, juveniles that had never heard normal song imitated abnormal synthetic songs with great accuracy, even when the tutor songs lacked phrasing. As the birds matured, imitated songs were reprogrammed to form typical canary phrasing. Thus, imitation and innate song constraints are separate processes that can be segregated in time: freedom in youth, rules in adulthood.
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Concepts associés (22)
Vocalisation des oiseaux
vignette|Le Merle noir est un chanteur virtuose. Son perchoir improvisé lui permet de dominer son environnement proche, visuellement et auditivement (île de Fionie, Danemark). vignette|Chant mélodieux : strophes de 3-5 sec. aux motifs variés composés de sifflements flûtés, et d'une finale suraigue moins sonore. vignette|Cri d'alarme tix-tix-tix-tix. Comme la plupart des vertébrés, les oiseaux émettent des sons vocalisés. L'être humain différencie bon nombre de ces chants ou sons et leur a donné un nom particulier, par exemple roucoulement, piaillement, cancanement.
Forme musicale
Le terme forme désigne, dans le domaine musical, la structure d'une œuvre musicale. Le travail d'analyse des œuvres musicales a notamment pour tâche de comprendre la forme des œuvres, qui peut être très simple (forme strophique, forme couplet-refrain) ou très complexe. Évidemment, le terme structure doit se comprendre à plusieurs niveaux, c'est-à-dire qu'une œuvre musicale pourra avoir une forme générale en un ou plusieurs mouvements, dans l'un des mouvements il y aura une forme en plusieurs sections, et dans chaque section il y aura des phrases distinctes.
Vocal learning
Vocal learning is the ability to modify acoustic and syntactic sounds, acquire new sounds via imitation, and produce vocalizations. "Vocalizations" in this case refers only to sounds generated by the vocal organ (mammalian larynx or avian syrinx) as opposed to by the lips, teeth, and tongue, which require substantially less motor control. A rare trait, vocal learning is a critical substrate for spoken language and has only been detected in eight animal groups despite the wide array of vocalizing species; these include humans, bats, cetaceans, pinnipeds (seals and sea lions), elephants, and three distantly related bird groups including songbirds, parrots, and hummingbirds.
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