Scanning probe microscope e.g. atomic force microscope, has two actuators arranged in opposed push-pull configuration, and support constrains motion of one of two actuators in one axis to permit translation along another axis
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Atomic Force Microscope is of special interest to biologists since it enables real time imaging and force measurements on biological tissue. To observe the biological process of interest in a reasonable time with high force sensitivity, high resonance freq ...
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Four-point probes (4PPs) are used for the resistivity measurement of thin metal or semiconductor films. There is an interest in miniaturization of 4PPs to obtain higher surface sensitivity, increased spatial resolution and less damage to the sample. Severa ...
