Stimulus (physiology)In physiology, a stimulus is a detectable change in the physical or chemical structure of an organism's internal or external environment. The ability of an organism or organ to detect external stimuli, so that an appropriate reaction can be made, is called sensitivity (excitability). Sensory receptors can receive information from outside the body, as in touch receptors found in the skin or light receptors in the eye, as well as from inside the body, as in chemoreceptors and mechanoreceptors.
Visual memoryVisual memory describes the relationship between perceptual processing and the encoding, storage and retrieval of the resulting neural representations. Visual memory occurs over a broad time range spanning from eye movements to years in order to visually navigate to a previously visited location. Visual memory is a form of memory which preserves some characteristics of our senses pertaining to visual experience. We are able to place in memory visual information which resembles objects, places, animals or people in a mental image.
Rétrogradation (astronomie)En astronomie, la rétrogradation, ou mouvement apparent, est le recul (c'est-à-dire un déplacement dans le sens inverse de son élan moyen habituel à long terme) que semble décrire un corps céleste lors de son observation par rapport aux étoiles lointaines. Dans la cosmogonie antique, fondée sur le géocentrisme et illustrée par Ptolémée et Platon, la rétrogradation était expliquée principalement par la théorie des épicycles. L'observation du mouvement des planètes se fait à partir de la Terre.
