Substitution nucléophile aromatiqueA nucleophilic aromatic substitution is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry in which the nucleophile displaces a good leaving group, such as a halide, on an aromatic ring. Aromatic rings are usually nucleophilic, but some aromatic compounds do undergo nucleophilic substitution. Just as normally nucleophilic alkenes can be made to undergo conjugate substitution if they carry electron-withdrawing substituents, so normally nucleophilic aromatic rings also become electrophilic if they have the right substituents.
Leaving groupIn chemistry, a leaving group is defined by the IUPAC as an atom or group of atoms that detaches from the main or residual part of a substrate during a reaction or elementary step of a reaction. However, in common usage, the term is often limited to a fragment that departs with a pair of electrons in heterolytic bond cleavage. In this usage, a leaving group is a less formal but more commonly used synonym of the term nucleofuge.
TeicoplanineTeicoplanin is an antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of serious infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. It is a semisynthetic glycopeptide antibiotic with a spectrum of activity similar to vancomycin. Its mechanism of action is to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis. Teicoplanin is marketed by Sanofi-Aventis under the trade name Targocid. Other trade names include Ticocin marketed by Cipla(India).
Staphylocoque doréLe staphylocoque doré (Staphylococcus aureus) est l'espèce la plus pathogène du genre Staphylococcus. Elle est responsable d'intoxications alimentaires, d'infections localisées suppurées et, dans certains cas extrêmes, d'infections potentiellement mortelles (patient immunodéprimé, prothèses cardiaques). S. aureus se présente comme une coque en amas (grappes de raisin), Gram positif et catalase positif. Sa teneur en caroténoïdes lui confère une couleur dorée à l'origine de son nom. L'espèce S.
LinézolideInfobox Médicament | nom générique=Linézolide (per os ou perfusion) |noms commerciaux=* Zyvoxid (Belgique, France, Suisse) |classe=antibiotique |autres informations=Sous classe : oxazolidinones Le linézolide' est un antibiotique de synthèse de la famille des oxazolidinones. Il est actif sur les germes Gram positifs, y compris les entérocoques résistants aux glycopeptides et les Staphylococcus aureus méthicillino-résistants et de sensibilité diminuée aux glycopeptides.
