Phases of clinical researchThe phases of clinical research are the stages in which scientists conduct experiments with a health intervention to obtain sufficient evidence for a process considered effective as a medical treatment. For drug development, the clinical phases start with testing for drug safety in a few human subjects, then expand to many study participants (potentially tens of thousands) to determine if the treatment is effective. Clinical research is conducted on drug candidates, vaccine candidates, new medical devices, and new diagnostic assays.
Miroir sphériqueUn miroir sphérique est un miroir dont la forme est une calotte sphérique, c'est-à-dire une sphère tronquée par un plan. L'ouverture du miroir est donc un disque, et son axe optique est la droite normale à l'ouverture et passant par son centre. Il existe des miroirs sphériques convexes et concaves. Le miroir sphérique est astigmatique, c'est-à-dire que des rayons issus d'un même point source ne convergent pas. Il n'est stigmatique que pour son centre qui est sa propre image.
Morphological freedomMorphological freedom refers to an alleged or proposed civil right of a human person either to maintain or modify their own body, on their own terms, through informed, consensual recourse to, or refusal of, available therapeutic or enabling medical technology. The term may have been coined by transhumanist Max More in his 1993 article, “Technological Self-Transformation: Expanding Personal Extropy”, where he defined it as "the ability to alter bodily form at will through technologies such as surgery, genetic engineering, nanotechnology, uploading".
Reflection (mathematics)In mathematics, a reflection (also spelled reflexion) is a mapping from a Euclidean space to itself that is an isometry with a hyperplane as a set of fixed points; this set is called the axis (in dimension 2) or plane (in dimension 3) of reflection. The image of a figure by a reflection is its in the axis or plane of reflection. For example the mirror image of the small Latin letter p for a reflection with respect to a vertical axis (a vertical reflection) would look like q.
Société de recherche contractuelleUne société ou organisation de recherche contractuelle, appelée aussi "organisation de recherche contractuelle/sous contrat" ou encore "organisation de recherche clinique par contrat", ayant pour acronyme CRO (issu de l'anglais ou ) est une entreprise qui fournit, sur une base contractuelle (et donc généralement payante), des services dans le domaine de la recherche biomédicale, pour l'industrie pharmaceutique ou biotechnologique ainsi que pour les organismes de recherche publics (en France, les EPST) ou pa
