Volume elementIn mathematics, a volume element provides a means for integrating a function with respect to volume in various coordinate systems such as spherical coordinates and cylindrical coordinates. Thus a volume element is an expression of the form where the are the coordinates, so that the volume of any set can be computed by For example, in spherical coordinates , and so . The notion of a volume element is not limited to three dimensions: in two dimensions it is often known as the area element, and in this setting it is useful for doing surface integrals.
Cohomologie de DolbeaultEn géométrie complexe et en géométrie différentielle, la cohomologie de Dolbeault est une généralisation simplifiée aux variétés complexes de la cohomologie de De Rham. Pour un fibré vectoriel holomorphe sur une variété complexe , les formes différentielles sur à valeurs dans se définissent comme les sections du fibré . Parmi ces formes différentielles se distinguent celles qui sont localement somme du produit extérieur de formes linéaires et de formes antilinéaires, dites de bidegré .
Closed graph propertyIn mathematics, particularly in functional analysis and topology, closed graph is a property of functions. A function f : X → Y between topological spaces has a closed graph if its graph is a closed subset of the product space X × Y. A related property is open graph. This property is studied because there are many theorems, known as closed graph theorems, giving conditions under which a function with a closed graph is necessarily continuous. One particularly well-known class of closed graph theorems are the closed graph theorems in functional analysis.
Morphism of algebraic varietiesIn algebraic geometry, a morphism between algebraic varieties is a function between the varieties that is given locally by polynomials. It is also called a regular map. A morphism from an algebraic variety to the affine line is also called a regular function. A regular map whose inverse is also regular is called biregular, and the biregular maps are the isomorphisms of algebraic varieties.
