Physique mathématiqueLa physique mathématique est un domaine de recherche commun à la physique et aux mathématiques s'intéressant au développement des méthodes mathématiques spécifiques aux problèmes physiques ou plus généralement à l'application des mathématiques à la physique, et, à l'opposé, aux développements mathématiques que suscitent certains domaines de recherche en physique. Elle inclut notamment l'étude des systèmes dynamiques, des algèbres aux symétries particulières, des méthodes de décomposition en séries et des méthodes de résolution d'équations différentielles.
Mathematical constantA mathematical constant is a key number whose value is fixed by an unambiguous definition, often referred to by a special symbol (e.g., an alphabet letter), or by mathematicians' names to facilitate using it across multiple mathematical problems. Constants arise in many areas of mathematics, with constants such as e and pi occurring in such diverse contexts as geometry, number theory, statistics, and calculus. Some constants arise naturally by a fundamental principle or intrinsic property, such as the ratio between the circumference and diameter of a circle (pi).
TectonicsTectonics (; ) are the processes that result in the structure and properties of the Earth's crust and its evolution through time. These processes include those of mountain-building, the growth and behavior of the strong, old cores of continents known as cratons, and the ways in which the relatively rigid plates that constitute the Earth's outer shell interact with each other. Principles of tectonics also provide a framework for understanding the earthquake and volcanic belts that directly affect much of the global population.
Geologic recordThe geologic record in stratigraphy, paleontology and other natural sciences refers to the entirety of the layers of rock strata. That is, deposits laid down by volcanism or by deposition of sediment derived from weathering detritus (clays, sands etc.). This includes all its fossil content and the information it yields about the history of the Earth: its past climate, geography, geology and the evolution of life on its surface. According to the law of superposition, sedimentary and volcanic rock layers are deposited on top of each other.
