Jet (physique des particules)A jet is a narrow cone of hadrons and other particles produced by the hadronization of a quark or gluon in a particle physics or heavy ion experiment. Particles carrying a color charge, such as quarks, cannot exist in free form because of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) confinement which only allows for colorless states. When an object containing color charge fragments, each fragment carries away some of the color charge. In order to obey confinement, these fragments create other colored objects around them to form colorless objects.
BeamlineIn accelerator physics, a beamline refers to the trajectory of the beam of particles, including the overall construction of the path segment (guide tubes, diagnostic devices) along a specific path of an accelerator facility. This part is either the line in a linear accelerator along which a beam of particles travels, or the path leading from particle generator (e.g. a cyclic accelerator, synchrotron light sources, cyclotrons, or spallation sources) to the experimental end-station.
Curiosity (astromobile)thumb|center|500px|Le plus grand panorama de Mars réalisé par le rover. Curiosity est une astromobile (rover) déployée à Aeolis Palus sur Mars en 2012 via la mission Mars Science Laboratory. C'est un engin particulièrement imposant avec une masse de à comparer aux pour les astromobiles Spirit et Opportunity. Un des principaux instruments embarqués par l'engin, la camera "ChemCam" (pour Chemistry and Camera complex) a été en partie conçu et fabriqué en France, par l'Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP).
Exploration de Mars par PerseveranceLexploration de Mars par Perseverance est le déroulement de la mission de l'astromobile de la mission spatiale Mars 2020. Cet engin développé par la NASA s'est posé le 18 février 2021 à la surface de la planète Mars dans le cratère d'impact Jezero. Perseverance est un robot mobile conçu pour explorer ce cratère qui a abrité, il y a environ 3,6 milliards d'années, un lac permanent et qui conserve les traces de plusieurs deltas de rivière.
Electrostatic particle acceleratorAn electrostatic particle accelerator is a particle accelerator in which charged particles are accelerated to a high energy by a static high voltage potential. This contrasts with the other major category of particle accelerator, oscillating field particle accelerators, in which the particles are accelerated by oscillating electric fields. Owing to their simpler design, electrostatic types were the first particle accelerators.
Sojourner (rover)Sojourner is a robotic Mars rover that landed in the Ares Vallis channel in the Chryse Planitia region of the Oxia Palus quadrangle on July 4, 1997. Sojourner was operational on Mars for 92 sols (95 Earth days). It was the first wheeled vehicle to rove on a planet other than Earth and formed part of the Mars Pathfinder mission. The rover was equipped with front and rear cameras, and hardware that was used to conduct several scientific experiments.
Timeline of OpportunityOpportunity is a robotic rover that was active on the planet Mars from 2004 to 2018. Launched on July 7, 2003, Opportunity landed on Mars' Meridiani Planum on January 25, 2004, at 05:05 Ground UTC (about 13:15 Mars local time), three weeks after its twin Spirit (MER-A), also part of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Mission, touched down on the other side of the planet. While Spirit became immobile in 2009 and ceased communications in 2010, Opportunity exceeded its planned 90 sol (Martian days) duration of activity by 14 years 46 days (in Earth time).
