Present valueIn economics and finance, present value (PV), also known as present discounted value, is the value of an expected income stream determined as of the date of valuation. The present value is usually less than the future value because money has interest-earning potential, a characteristic referred to as the time value of money, except during times of zero- or negative interest rates, when the present value will be equal or more than the future value. Time value can be described with the simplified phrase, "A dollar today is worth more than a dollar tomorrow".
Mathematical objectA mathematical object is an abstract concept arising in mathematics. In the usual language of mathematics, an object is anything that has been (or could be) formally defined, and with which one may do deductive reasoning and mathematical proofs. Typically, a mathematical object can be a value that can be assigned to a variable, and therefore can be involved in formulas. Commonly encountered mathematical objects include numbers, sets, functions, expressions, geometric objects, transformations of other mathematical objects, and spaces.
Beauté mathématiqueupright|droite|vignette|La frontière de l'ensemble de Mandelbrot. La beauté mathématique est un sentiment de beauté que certaines personnes ressentent face aux mathématiques. Certains mathématiciens recherchent dans leur travail ou dans les mathématiques en général, un plaisir esthétique. Ils expriment ce plaisir en décrivant de « belles » parties des mathématiques. Ils peuvent considérer les mathématiques comme un art ou comme une activité créative. Des comparaisons sont souvent faites avec la musique et la poésie.
