Interface utilisateur vocaleUne interface utilisateur vocale ou IUV (ou VUI pour Vocal User Interface en anglais) rend possible l'interaction orale entre les humains et les ordinateurs. Un dispositif de commande vocale (ou VCD pour Voice Command Device) est un appareil doté d'une interface utilisateur vocale. Les ordinateurs équipés d'un tel dispositif utilisent généralement la reconnaissance vocale pour comprendre les mots énoncés par les humains et la synthèse vocale pour en produire.
Test de validationUn test de validation est un type de test informatique qui permet de vérifier si toutes les exigences client, décrites dans le document de spécification du logiciel, sont respectées. Les tests de validation se décomposent généralement en plusieurs phases : Validation fonctionnelle : les tests fonctionnels assurent que les différents modules ou composants implémentent correctement les exigences client. Ces tests peuvent être de type valide, invalide, inopportuns, etc.
Commonsense knowledge (artificial intelligence)In artificial intelligence research, commonsense knowledge consists of facts about the everyday world, such as "Lemons are sour", or "Cows say moo", that all humans are expected to know. It is currently an unsolved problem in Artificial General Intelligence. The first AI program to address common sense knowledge was Advice Taker in 1959 by John McCarthy. Commonsense knowledge can underpin a commonsense reasoning process, to attempt inferences such as "You might bake a cake because you want people to eat the cake.
Économie du savoirL'économie du savoir, l'économie de la connaissance, l'économie de l'immatériel ou encore le capitalisme cognitif, est, selon certains économistes, une nouvelle phase de l'histoire économique qui aurait commencé dans les années 1990. Le concept est établi par Fritz Machlup en 1962 par la publication de son livre The production and distribution of knowledge in the United States ; sa thèse de 1977 montre que près de 45 % des employés aux États-Unis manipulent de l'information.
Structural alignmentStructural alignment attempts to establish homology between two or more polymer structures based on their shape and three-dimensional conformation. This process is usually applied to protein tertiary structures but can also be used for large RNA molecules. In contrast to simple structural superposition, where at least some equivalent residues of the two structures are known, structural alignment requires no a priori knowledge of equivalent positions.
Informationvignette|redresse=0.6|Pictogramme représentant une information. L’information est un de la discipline des sciences de l'information et de la communication (SIC). Au sens étymologique, l'« information » est ce qui donne une forme à l'esprit. Elle vient du verbe latin « informare », qui signifie « donner forme à » ou « se former une idée de ». L'information désigne à la fois le message à communiquer et les symboles utilisés pour l'écrire. Elle utilise un code de signes porteurs de sens tels qu'un alphabet de lettres, une base de chiffres, des idéogrammes ou pictogrammes.
Smoke testing (software)In computer programming and software testing, smoke testing (also confidence testing, sanity testing, build verification test (BVT) and build acceptance test) is preliminary testing or sanity testing to reveal simple failures severe enough to, for example, reject a prospective software release. Smoke tests are a subset of test cases that cover the most important functionality of a component or system, used to aid assessment of whether main functions of the software appear to work correctly.
Early modern humanEarly modern human (EMH) or anatomically modern human (AMH) are terms used to distinguish Homo sapiens (the only extant Hominina species) that are anatomically consistent with the range of phenotypes seen in contemporary humans, from extinct archaic human species. This distinction is useful especially for times and regions where anatomically modern and archaic humans co-existed, for example, in Paleolithic Europe.
Symbolic artificial intelligenceIn artificial intelligence, symbolic artificial intelligence is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-level symbolic (human-readable) representations of problems, logic and search. Symbolic AI used tools such as logic programming, production rules, semantic nets and frames, and it developed applications such as knowledge-based systems (in particular, expert systems), symbolic mathematics, automated theorem provers, ontologies, the semantic web, and automated planning and scheduling systems.
Knowledge marketA knowledge market is a mechanism for distributing knowledge resources. There are two views on knowledge and how knowledge markets can function. One view uses a legal construct of intellectual property to make knowledge a typical scarce resource, so the traditional commodity market mechanism can be applied directly to distribute it. An alternative model is based on treating knowledge as a public good and hence encouraging free sharing of knowledge. This is often referred to as attention economy.
