Tunable laserA tunable laser is a laser whose wavelength of operation can be altered in a controlled manner. While all laser gain media allow small shifts in output wavelength, only a few types of lasers allow continuous tuning over a significant wavelength range. There are many types and categories of tunable lasers. They exist in the gas, liquid, and solid state. Among the types of tunable lasers are excimer lasers, gas lasers (such as CO2 and He-Ne lasers), dye lasers (liquid and solid state), transition metal solid-state lasers, semiconductor crystal and diode lasers, and free electron lasers.
FlashtubeA flashtube (flashlamp) is an electric arc lamp designed to produce extremely intense, incoherent, full-spectrum white light for a very short time. A flashtube is a glass tube with an electrode at each end and is filled with a gas that, when triggered, ionizes and conducts a high-voltage pulse to make light. Flashtubes are used most in photography; they also are used in science, medicine, industry, and entertainment. The lamp comprises a hermetically sealed glass tube, which is filled with a noble gas, usually xenon, and electrodes to carry electric current to the gas.
National Ignition FacilityLe National Ignition Facility, ou NIF, est un laser de recherche extrêmement énergétique, construit au sein du laboratoire national Lawrence Livermore, à Livermore (Californie, États-Unis). Le NIF a des usages multiples. Ses deux fonctions principales sont le test des armes nucléaires des États-Unis et les expériences liées à l'énergie de fusion. Le National Ignition Facility utilise la technique du confinement inertiel pour permettre aux scientifiques d'étudier la fusion nucléaire et les autres domaines d'utilisation des plasmas extrêmement denses.
