Architecture de type HarvardL’architecture de type Harvard est une conception des processeurs qui sépare physiquement la mémoire de données et la mémoire programme. L’accès à chacune des deux mémoires s’effectue via deux bus distincts. Le nom de cette structure vient du nom de l’université Harvard où une telle architecture a été mise en pratique pour la première fois avec le Mark I en 1944. Avec deux bus distincts, l’architecture dite de Harvard permet de transférer simultanément les données et les instructions à exécuter.
Computer memoryComputer memory stores information, such as data and programs for immediate use in the computer. The term memory is often synonymous with the term primary storage or main memory. An archaic synonym for memory is store. Computer memory operates at a high speed compared to storage which is slower but less expensive and higher in capacity. Besides storing opened programs, computer memory serves as disk cache and write buffer to improve both reading and writing performance.
Bus snoopingBus snooping or bus sniffing is a scheme by which a coherency controller (snooper) in a cache (a snoopy cache) monitors or snoops the bus transactions, and its goal is to maintain a cache coherency in distributed shared memory systems. This scheme was introduced by Ravishankar and Goodman in 1983, under the name "write-once" cache coherency. A cache containing a coherency controller (snooper) is called a snoopy cache.
Trusted Execution TechnologyIntel Trusted Execution Technology (Intel TXT, formerly known as LaGrande Technology) is a computer hardware technology of which the primary goals are: Attestation of the authenticity of a platform and its operating system. Assuring that an authentic operating system starts in a trusted environment, which can then be considered trusted. Provision of a trusted operating system with additional security capabilities not available to an unproven one.
Burroughs Large SystemsThe Burroughs Large Systems Group produced a family of large 48-bit mainframes using stack machine instruction sets with dense syllables. The first machine in the family was the B5000 in 1961, which was optimized for compiling ALGOL 60 programs extremely well, using single-pass compilers. The B5000 evolved into the B5500 (disk rather than drum) and the B5700 (up to four systems running as a cluster). Subsequent major redesigns include the B6500/B6700 line and its successors, as well as the separate B8500 line.
Bureau virtuel (interface graphique)Un bureau virtuel est un environnement graphique qui peut être démultiplié, afin de travailler à un seul type de tâche dans chaque bureau, au lieu d'avoir toutes les fenêtres réunies dans un seul. Par exemple, l'utilisateur choisira de réserver un bureau aux tâches de , un autre à internet, un autre aux jeux, etc. Les fenêtres ne sont plus mélangées. Une autre implémentation des bureaux virtuels, moins fréquemment utilisée, consiste à offrir un bureau plus grand que la taille de l'écran, la souris ou le clavier permettant de se déplacer dans les zones inaccessibles.
