Solar cell researchThere are currently many research groups active in the field of photovoltaics in universities and research institutions around the world. This research can be categorized into three areas: making current technology solar cells cheaper and/or more efficient to effectively compete with other energy sources; developing new technologies based on new solar cell architectural designs; and developing new materials to serve as more efficient energy converters from light energy into electric current or light absorbers and charge carriers.
Silicium polycristallinLe silicium polycristallin, aussi couramment appelé polysilicium ou poly-Si est une forme particulière du silicium, qui se différencie du silicium monocristallin et du silicium amorphe. Contrairement au premier (composé d'un seul cristal) et au second (n'ayant aucune ou une très faible cohérence cristallographique), le silicium polycristallin est constitué de multiples petits cristaux de tailles et de formes variées, qui lui confèrent des propriétés différentes des deux autres formes.
Cellule solaire à pigment photosensibleUne cellule solaire à pigment photosensible parfois appelée cellules Grätzel (en anglais, Dye-sensitized solar cell ou DSC) est un système photoélectrochimique inspiré de la photosynthèse végétale qui, exposé à la lumière (photons), produit de l’électricité. Elle est souvent désignée par l'acronyme dérivé de son appellation en anglais : dye-sensitized solar cell, DSC, DSSc voire DYSC). Les cellules Grätzel ont été nommées ainsi en référence à son concepteur, Michael Grätzel, de l’École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne.
Phase-contrast X-ray imagingPhase-contrast X-ray imaging or phase-sensitive X-ray imaging is a general term for different technical methods that use information concerning changes in the phase of an X-ray beam that passes through an object in order to create its images. Standard X-ray imaging techniques like radiography or computed tomography (CT) rely on a decrease of the X-ray beam's intensity (attenuation) when traversing the sample, which can be measured directly with the assistance of an X-ray detector.
Phase-contrast imagingPhase-contrast imaging is a method of that has a range of different applications. It measures differences in the refractive index of different materials to differentiate between structures under analysis. In conventional light microscopy, phase contrast can be employed to distinguish between structures of similar transparency, and to examine crystals on the basis of their double refraction. This has uses in biological, medical and geological science.
Quantum dot solar cellA quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) is a solar cell design that uses quantum dots as the captivating photovoltaic material. It attempts to replace bulk materials such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). Quantum dots have bandgaps that are adjustable across a wide range of energy levels by changing their size. In bulk materials, the bandgap is fixed by the choice of material(s).
Low-voltage electron microscopeLow-voltage electron microscope (LVEM) is an electron microscope which operates at accelerating voltages of a few kiloelectronvolts or less. Traditional electron microscopes use accelerating voltages in the range of 10-1000 keV. Low voltage imaging in transmitted electrons is possible in many new scanning electron detector. Low cost alternative is dedicated table top low voltage transmission electron microscope.
Microscope à contraste de phasethumb|Photographie d'un cellule épithéliale de joue vue par un Microscope à contraste de phase Le microscope à contraste de phase est un microscope qui exploite les changements de phase d'une onde lumineuse traversant un échantillon. Cet instrument fut développé par le physicien hollandais Frederik Zernike dans les années 1930, ce qui lui valut le prix Nobel de physique en 1953. Emilie Bleeker, physicienne reconnue pour le développement d'instruments, est la première à mettre le microscope à contraste de phase en utilisation.
Crystalline siliconCrystalline silicon or (c-Si) Is the crystalline forms of silicon, either polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si, consisting of small crystals), or monocrystalline silicon (mono-Si, a continuous crystal). Crystalline silicon is the dominant semiconducting material used in photovoltaic technology for the production of solar cells. These cells are assembled into solar panels as part of a photovoltaic system to generate solar power from sunlight. In electronics, crystalline silicon is typically the monocrystalline form of silicon, and is used for producing microchips.
Theory of solar cellsThe theory of solar cells explains the process by which light energy in photons is converted into electric current when the photons strike a suitable semiconductor device. The theoretical studies are of practical use because they predict the fundamental limits of a solar cell, and give guidance on the phenomena that contribute to losses and solar cell efficiency. Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and are absorbed by semi-conducting materials. Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked loose from their atoms as they are excited.
