Desert (particle physics)In the Grand Unified Theory of particle physics (GUT), the desert refers to a theorized gap in energy scales, between approximately the electroweak energy scale–conventionally defined as roughly the vacuum expectation value or VeV of the Higgs field (about 246 GeV)–and the GUT scale, in which no unknown interactions appear. It can also be described as a gap in the lengths involved, with no new physics below 10−18 m (the currently probed length scale) and above 10−31 m (the GUT length scale).
MuonLe muon est, selon le modèle standard de la physique des particules, une particule élémentaire de charge électrique négative, instable. Le muon a pour spin 1/2 et a les mêmes propriétés physiques que l'électron, mis à part sa masse, 207 fois plus grande (, c'est pour cela qu'on l'appelle parfois « électron lourd »). Les muons sont des fermions de la famille des leptons, comme les électrons et les taus. Les muons sont notés μ−. L'antimuon, l'antiparticule associée au muon, est notée μ+ et est chargée positivement.
Recessional velocityRecessional velocity is the rate at which an extragalactic astronomical object recedes (becomes more distant) from an observer as a result of the expansion of the universe. It can be measured by observing the wavelength shifts of spectral lines emitted by the object, known as the object's cosmological redshift. Hubble's law is the relationship between a galaxy's distance and its recessional velocity, which is approximately linear for galaxies at distances of up to a few hundred megaparsecs.
