Roadway air dispersion modelingRoadway air dispersion modeling is the study of air pollutant transport from a roadway or other linear emitter. Computer models are required to conduct this analysis, because of the complex variables involved, including vehicle emissions, vehicle speed, meteorology, and terrain geometry. Line source dispersion has been studied since at least the 1960s, when the regulatory framework in the United States began requiring quantitative analysis of the air pollution consequences of major roadway and airport projects.
Manual memory managementIn computer science, manual memory management refers to the usage of manual instructions by the programmer to identify and deallocate unused objects, or garbage. Up until the mid-1990s, the majority of programming languages used in industry supported manual memory management, though garbage collection has existed since 1959, when it was introduced with Lisp. Today, however, languages with garbage collection such as Java are increasingly popular and the languages Objective-C and Swift provide similar functionality through Automatic Reference Counting.
Page replacement algorithmIn a computer operating system that uses paging for virtual memory management, page replacement algorithms decide which memory pages to page out, sometimes called swap out, or write to disk, when a page of memory needs to be allocated. Page replacement happens when a requested page is not in memory (page fault) and a free page cannot be used to satisfy the allocation, either because there are none, or because the number of free pages is lower than some threshold.
Mallocmalloc est en informatique une fonction de la bibliothèque standard du langage C permettant d'allouer dynamiquement de la mémoire. La libération de la mémoire ainsi réservée s'effectue avec la fonction free. Cette fonction est déclarée dans l'en-tête . Dans les systèmes GNU/Linux, elle fait partie du paquet GNU C Library.
ThrashingEn informatique, le thrashing (littéralement « emballement ») est l'état d'un ordinateur avec mémoire virtuelle caractérisé par une fréquence des échanges de pages si élevée entre la mémoire RAM et le disque dur que ses performances s'en trouvent considérablement affectées et que très peu de ressources sont disponibles pour exécuter les applications des utilisateurs de l'ordinateur. Cette situation peut causer une dégradation très importante de la performance de l'ordinateur.
Line sourceA line source, as opposed to a point source, area source, or volume source, is a source of air, noise, water contamination or electromagnetic radiation that emanates from a linear (one-dimensional) geometry. The most prominent linear sources are roadway air pollution, aircraft air emissions, roadway noise, certain types of water pollution sources that emanate over a range of river extent rather than from a discrete point, elongated light tubes, certain dose models in medical physics and electromagnetic antennas.
Resource management (computing)In computer programming, resource management refers to techniques for managing resources (components with limited availability). Computer programs may manage their own resources by using features exposed by programming languages ( is a survey article contrasting different approaches), or may elect to manage them by a host – an operating system or virtual machine – or another program. Host-based management is known as resource tracking, and consists of cleaning up resource leaks: terminating access to resources that have been acquired but not released after use.
Cache pollutionCache pollution describes situations where an executing computer program loads data into CPU cache unnecessarily, thus causing other useful data to be evicted from the cache into lower levels of the memory hierarchy, degrading performance. For example, in a multi-core processor, one core may replace the blocks fetched by other cores into shared cache, or prefetched blocks may replace demand-fetched blocks from the cache. Consider the following illustration: T[0] = T[0] + 1; for i in 0..
Progiciel de gestion intégréUn progiciel de gestion intégré ou PGI (en anglais, enterprise resource planning system ou ERP system) est un progiciel qui permet « de gérer l'ensemble des processus d'une entreprise en intégrant l'ensemble de ses fonctions, dont la gestion des ressources humaines, la gestion comptable et financière, l'aide à la décision, mais aussi la vente, la distribution, l'approvisionnement et le commerce électronique ».
