Bâtiment (construction)Un bâtiment au sens commun est une construction immobilière, réalisée par intervention humaine, destinée d'une part à servir d'abri, c'est-à-dire à protéger des intempéries des personnes, des biens et des activités, d'autre part à manifester leur permanence comme fonction sociale, politique ou culturelle. Un bâtiment est un ouvrage d'un seul tenant composé de corps de bâtiments couvrant des espaces habitables lorsqu'il est d'une taille importante.
Affordable housingAffordable housing is housing which is deemed affordable to those with a household income at or below the median as rated by the national government or a local government by a recognized housing affordability index. Most of the literature on affordable housing refers to mortgages and a number of forms that exist along a continuum – from emergency homeless shelters, to transitional housing, to non-market rental (also known as social or subsidized housing), to formal and informal rental, indigenous housing, and ending with affordable home ownership.
Constructionvignette|upright|Les grues sont essentielles pour des travaux importants tels que les gratte-ciel. La construction est le fait d'assembler différents éléments d'un édifice en utilisant des matériaux et des techniques appropriées. Le secteur économique de la construction, appelé « bâtiment et travaux publics » (BTP) dans une partie de l'Europe francophone, regroupe toutes les activités de conception et de construction des bâtiments publics et privés, industriels ou non, et des infrastructures telles que les routes ou les canalisations.
Écologie urbaineL’écologie urbaine est stricto sensu un domaine de l'écologie (la science qui étudie les écosystèmes) qui s'attache à l'étude de la ville comme écosystème. Il peut aujourd'hui, par vulgarisation et dans un but de sensibilisation aux problématiques environnementales, regrouper la prise en compte de l'ensemble des problématiques environnementales concernant le milieu urbain ou périurbain. Elle vise à articuler ces enjeux en les insérant dans les politiques territoriales pour limiter ou réparer les impacts environnementaux.
Zone urbainevignette|Répartition mondiale des 400 principales zones urbaines qui rassemblent au moins un million d'habitants en 2006. Une zone urbaine, appelée aussi espace urbain, est un établissement humain à forte densité de population comportant une infrastructure d'environnement bâti. Les zones urbaines sont créées par urbanisation et sont classées par morphologie urbaine en tant que villes, cités, agglomérations ou banlieues.
Construction managementConstruction management (CM) is a professional service that uses specialized, project management techniques and software to oversee the planning, design, construction and closeout of a project. The purpose of construction management is to control the quality of a project's scope, time / delivery and cost—sometimes referred to as a project management triangle or "triple constraints." CM is compatible with all project delivery systems, including design-bid-build, design-build, CM At-Risk and Public Private Partnerships.
Urban designUrban design is an approach to the design of buildings and the spaces between them that focuses on specific design processes and outcomes. In addition to designing and shaping the physical features of towns, cities, and regional spaces, urban design considers 'bigger picture' issues of economic, social and environmental value and social design. The scope of a project can range from a local street or public space to an entire city and surrounding areas.
Construction engineeringConstruction engineering, also known as construction operations, is a professional subdiscipline of civil engineering that deals with the designing, planning, construction, and operations management of infrastructure such as roadways, tunnels, bridges, airports, railroads, facilities, buildings, dams, utilities and other projects. Construction engineers learn some of the design aspects similar to civil engineers as well as project management aspects.
Sustainable urbanismSustainable urbanism is both the study of cities and the practices to build them (urbanism), that focuses on promoting their long term viability by reducing consumption, waste and harmful impacts on people and place while enhancing the overall well-being of both people and place. Well-being includes the physical, ecological, economic, social, health and equity factors, among others, that comprise cities and their populations.
HousingHousing, or more generally, living spaces, refers to the construction and assigned usage of houses or buildings individually or collectively, for the purpose of shelter. Housing is a basic human need, and it plays a critical role in shaping the quality of life for individuals, families, and communities. Housing ensures that members of society have a place to live, whether it is a home or some kind of physical structure for dwelling, lodging or shelter and it includes a range of options from apartments and houses to temporary shelters and emergency accommodations.
