Implied volatilityIn financial mathematics, the implied volatility (IV) of an option contract is that value of the volatility of the underlying instrument which, when input in an option pricing model (such as Black–Scholes), will return a theoretical value equal to the current market price of said option. A non-option financial instrument that has embedded optionality, such as an interest rate cap, can also have an implied volatility. Implied volatility, a forward-looking and subjective measure, differs from historical volatility because the latter is calculated from known past returns of a security.
CnidariaLes cnidaires (embranchement des Cnidaria) constituent un groupe d'animaux aquatiques (marins à 99 %, 1 % de dulcicoles seulement), possédant une symétrie radiale et des nématocystes (cellules capables de lancer un harpon urticant pour attraper des proies). Cet embranchement regroupe notamment les anémones de mer, les méduses et les coraux. L'appellation vient du grec ancien , « ortie ») faisant allusion aux cellules urticantes caractéristiques de ces animaux (les cnidocytes ou cnidoblastes), le nom vernaculaire d'« orties de mer » étant donné par Aristote qui y regroupe les Acalèphes (méduses) et les Coralliaires.
North China CratonThe North China Craton is a continental crustal block with one of Earth's most complete and complex records of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic processes. It is located in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, the Yellow Sea, and North Korea. The term craton designates this as a piece of continent that is stable, buoyant and rigid. Basic properties of the cratonic crust include being thick (around 200 km), relatively cold when compared to other regions, and low density.
