Ion-mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometryIon mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) is an analytical chemistry method that separates gas phase ions based on their interaction with a collision gas and their masses. In the first step, the ions are separated according to their mobility through a buffer gas on a millisecond timescale using an ion mobility spectrometer. The separated ions are then introduced into a mass analyzer in a second step where their mass-to-charge ratios can be determined on a microsecond timescale.
Tandem mass spectrometryTandem mass spectrometry, also known as MS/MS or MS2, is a technique in instrumental analysis where two or more mass analyzers are coupled together using an additional reaction step to increase their abilities to analyse chemical samples. A common use of tandem MS is the analysis of biomolecules, such as proteins and peptides. The molecules of a given sample are ionized and the first spectrometer (designated MS1) separates these ions by their mass-to-charge ratio (often given as m/z or m/Q).
BromeLe brome est l'élément chimique de numéro atomique 35, de symbole Br. C'est un membre de la famille des halogènes. Le corps simple brome, de formule chimique Br2 (dibrome, formé de molécules homonucléaires diatomiques), est un liquide de couleur brunâtre dans les conditions normales de température et de pression. Carl Löwig et Antoine-Jérôme Balard ont découvert ce corps simple en 1825 et 1826, indépendamment l'un de l'autre. Son nom dérive du grec , en raison de son odeur piquante.
PhotopigmentPhotopigments are unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light. The term is generally applied to the non-protein chromophore moiety of photosensitive chromoproteins, such as the pigments involved in photosynthesis and photoreception. In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to the photoreceptor proteins of the retina. Photosynthetic pigment Photosynthetic pigments convert light into biochemical energy. Examples for photosynthetic pigments are chlorophyll, carotenoids and phycobilins.
Cycle visuelLe cycle de la vision, ou cycle visuel, est régi par la photoisomérisation du rétinal. Lorsque le rétinal 11-cis absorbe un photon, il passe de l'état 11-cis à l'état tout-trans. Cette isomérisation est à l'origine de l'influx nerveux par phototransduction. Le rétinal 11-cis est ensuite régénéré par voie enzymatique. Dans le détail, le cycle visuel dans une cellule bâtonnet de mammifère comprend sept étapes. Les étapes 1, 2 et 7 se déroulent dans les cellules de l'épithélíum pigmentaire de la rétine (EPR).
