Social costSocial cost in neoclassical economics is the sum of the private costs resulting from a transaction and the costs imposed on the consumers as a consequence of being exposed to the transaction for which they are not compensated or charged. In other words, it is the sum of private and external costs. This might be applied to any number of economic problems: for example, social cost of carbon has been explored to better understand the costs of carbon emissions for proposed economic solutions such as a carbon tax.
ExternalitéL'externalité caractérise le fait qu'un agent économique crée, par son activité, un effet externe en procurant à autrui, sans contrepartie monétaire, une utilité ou un avantage de façon gratuite, ou au contraire une nuisance, un dommage sans compensation (coût social, coût écosystémique, pertes de ressources pas, peu, difficilement, lentement ou coûteusement renouvelables...).
